194 



AMPHIBIA. 



nected not only the loss of the internal gills, but also the appearance 

 of the anterior extremities which have been long concealed beneath 

 the skin. The horny beak is now cast off, and the eyes, which have 

 hitherto been concealed beneath the skin, appear on the surface, and 

 are of considerable size. The larva has now become an exclusively 

 air-breathing, four-legged Frog, which has only to lose its swimming 

 tail in order to acquire its definitive form and be fitted for its 

 terrestrial life (vol. i., fig. 112). 



Some Batrachia are true land animals (Toads and Tree-Frogs), 

 which especially love dark and damp hiding places; others live 

 indifferently on land or in water. In the first case the five toes of 

 the hind feet are either entirely without a connecting membrane or 

 only have an incomplete one ; exceptionally (Pelobates}, however, 

 they are completely webbed. In the second case, on the contrary, 



the hind feet are, as a rule, com- 

 pletely webbed. The land Frogs 

 usually seek the water only at 

 spawning time; they crawl, run, 

 and hop on the land, or dig passages 

 and holes in the earth (Pelobates, 

 Alytes), or they are able to climb 

 up shrubs and trees by means of 

 suctorial discs on the ends of their 

 toes (Dendrobates, Hyla). 



Tribe 1. Aglossa. Batrachia with- 

 out tongue. The tympanic mem- 

 brane is not exposed. The eyes are 

 placed anteriorly near the angles of 

 the mouth. The hind feet have 

 entire webs. They live in hot locali- 

 ties, especially of the New World. 



Fam. Pipidae. Body toad-like, flat, without teeth on jaws and palate. Pipa 

 dorsigera Schn., Surinam Toad. 



Fam. Dactylethridae. The body is more frog-like, with teeth on the maxil- 

 laries and pnemaxillaries. Xenopus {Dactyletlira) capensis Cuv. (Krallenfrosch), 

 (fig. 630) ; Myolatrachus paradovus Schleg. 



Tribe 2. Oxydactylia. Balrachia with freely movable tongue 

 and pointed fingers and toes. 



Fam. Ranidae. Water-Frogs. Batrachians with long hind limbs, which are 

 adapted for jumping, and the toes of which are usually connected by entire 

 swimming membranes. There are small hooked teeth on the maxillaries. pnc 



