AllTIODACTYLA. 



315 



digits are placed behind (fig. 670 c}. Phacochcerus cethiopicus Cuv., 

 Wart-hog, South Africa ; Ph. JElianus Hiipp. (Bus africanus L.), found from 

 Abyssinia to Guinea ; Porcus babyrus&a L., The Babyrussa, Moluccas ; 

 Dicotyles. Peccary. D. torquatus Cuv. ; D. labiatus Cuv., America ; Potamo- 

 choerus africanus Schreb. (larvatus Fr. Cuv.), South- West Africa ; Sus europceus 



9-9 1.1 A'A q.q 



Pall. ( scrofa L.), Wild Boar. Dentition . J-^. <?. J-J. j?. w. * 



1-1 



4-4 



FIG. 692. Skull of Sus scrofa fera. 



Is widely distributed from 

 India to Western Europe 

 and North Africa. Is the 

 ancestral stock of a great 

 number of races of our 

 domestic pig ; though on 

 the other hand the pigs 

 of China, Cochin-china, 

 and Siam, and the Nea- 

 politan, Hungarian, and 

 Andalusian pigs, the small 

 Biindtner pig and the Peat 

 pig from the more recent 

 stone period (neolithic) of 

 the Swiss lake dwellings are derived (Nathusius) from a special ancestral 

 species ( indie-its'), which is not known with certainty in the wild state, but 

 is allied to the 8. vittatus Mull. Schl. from Java and Sumatra. 



Fam. Obesa. Of unwieldy shape, with large massive head, and broad 

 truncated, swollen snout. Hippopotamus amphibius L. Dentition : 

 . 2-2 1-1 4-4 3-3 



S-5''H '""- 15- 



H. major Cuv., diluvium of Central and Southern Europe. 



Sub-order 2. Artiodactyla ruminantia.* With incomplete den- 

 tition (fig. 693), in 

 which the upper in- 

 cisors and canines are 

 usually not devel- 

 oped. On the other 

 hand there are eight, 

 rarely only six shovel- 

 shaped incisors in the 

 lower jaw. The 

 general form of the 

 grinders affords tolerably constant characteristics. The quad- 



FIG. 693. Skull of Cemw canadensis. 



* Cf. especially G. J. Sundevall, " Methodische Uebersicht iiber die wieder- 

 kauenden Thiere," 2 Theile. 1847. 



Riitimeyer, " Fauna der Pfahlbauten." 



Riitimeyer, " Versuchi einer natiirlichen Geschichte des Eindes." In den 

 Denkschr. der Sckweizer naturforsch. Gesellsch., Bd. 22 and 23. 



