m. , = 44 J. T. europcea L., Mole, constructs an ingenious subterranean 



1NSECTIVORA. 323 



Fam. Erinaceidae (Hedgehogs). Back covered with stiff bristles and spines 

 which afford a complete protection to the animal when the body is rolled into 

 a ball by the action of the strongly-developed cutaneous muscles. Erinaceu* 



europaus L., Hedgehog, Urchin, with 36 teeth : -J 7 f i. ?1? c. p.m. t 4 



3 5[_ 3*3 O'O 2'2 



q .O"! 



m. ~? I Digs holes with two exits about a foot deep in the earth and hiber- 

 3'3 J 



nates. E./ossilis Schreb., Cave Hedgehog; Centetes ecaudatus Wagn., Tanrec, 

 Madagascar ; snout elongated like a proboscis. 



Fam. Soricidae (Shrews). With proboscis-like snout, soft fur, and tail covered 

 with short hairs. Peculiar glands on the sides of the body or at the root of the 

 tail give the true Shrews an unpleasant musty smell. Cladolates tana, 

 Wagn. : Cl. murlnus Mull. Schl., Borneo ; Macroscelides typicus Smith, 

 South Africa. Sorex ; with 28 to 33 teeth ; 8. vulgaris L., Common Shrew- 

 mouse ; 8. fodiens Pall., Water Shrew-mouse ; S. pygmceus Pall. Myogale 

 moschata Pall., the Desman, as large as the Hamster, South Bast Kussia. 



Fam. Talpidse (Moles). With short, laterally-directed digging feet, soft velvety 



fur, and proboscis. Talpa. Dentition: ~ i 2 i (i. ?J? c. tl p.m.^ 



, 



dwelling, which communicates by a long gallery with the daily multiplying 

 burrows which the animal makes in hunting for food. The nest consists of a 

 softly-lined central chamber and two circular passages, of which the upper one 

 is the smaller, and communicates by three passages with the central chamber, 

 while the lower and larger lies in the same plane as the chamber. Five or six 

 communicating passages pass from the upper circular passage into the lower, 

 from which a number of horizontal passages radiate, and usually curve round 

 and open into the common gallery. T. cceca L., the Blind Mole of South 

 Europe ; Chrysochlorys inaurata Schreb., Cape Golden Mole ; Condylura 

 cristata L., the North American Star-nosed Mole ; Scalops aquations L., Water 

 Mole, North America. 



Order 10. PINNIPEDIA. 



Hairy aquatic Mammalia with five-toed Jin-like feet, of which the 

 posterior are directed backwards ; with complete dentition ; without 

 caudal Jin. 



The body is elongated, spindle-shaped, possesses four fin -like feet, and 

 ends with a short conical tail. The head is very small in proportion 

 to the body, of globular shape, with swollen lips, and usually without 

 external ears. The surface of the body is covered with a short, but 

 close, smooth fur. The short limbs end with broad swimming fins, 

 which possess five digits, armed with blunt or sharp claws. The 

 movements on land are effected in the following way : the animal 

 raises the anterior part of its body, and throws it forward ; it 



