330 



MAMMALIA. 



Fam. BMiwlophidae. Ears separated without tragus. RhinolopJiiLS hip- 

 posideros Bechst., small Horseshoe-nose. Rh. ferrum eyuinum Shreb., large 

 Horseshoe-nose ; Plnjllorliina gigas Wagn., Guinea. 



Fam. Megadermidse. The large ears approximated, with long tragus. 

 Megaderma lyra Geoffr. ; Rhinopoma microphyllum Geoffr., Egypt. 



Fam. Phyllostomidae. With thick head and long truncated tongue. Nasal 

 apparatus usually with upright lancet. Ears almost always separate, with 



215 

 ear-valve. Phyllostoma Jtastatum Pall., Brazil. Dentition: 7, r - Vam- 



pynis spectrum L., the Vampire of Central America. 



Order 13. -PROSIMI^E (LEMURS). 



Arboreal animals of the Old World, with complete insectivor-like 



dentition, with hands and pre- 

 hensile feet, without a closed 

 orbit, and with thoracic and 

 abdominal mammas. 



The dentition holds a posi- 

 tion intermediate between that 

 of the Carnivora and that of 

 the Iiisectivora. There are 

 usually four incisors, of which 

 the upper are separated by a 

 wide gap, while the lower pro- 

 ject more or less horizontally ; 

 there are projecting canines, 

 and numerous sharply-tuber- 

 culated grinders. The lower 

 jaw is relatively weak, and its 

 two rami remain permanently 

 separate at the symphysis. The 

 orbits are, indeed, completely 

 surrounded by a bridge of bone, but are not shut off from the 

 temporal fossa as they are in the Apes. In many Lemurs the 

 clitoris is perforated by the urethra, Uterus two-horned or 

 double. There are usually several pairs of teats. The anterior 

 limbs are shorter than the posterior. The great toe, like the 

 thumb, is opposable except in Galeopitliecus. They thus have 

 the hands and prehensile feet of Apes, and also flat nails on the 

 extremities of the fingers and toes, except in Galeopithecus and 

 Chiromys (fig. 701), which have claws on all the fingers and toes. 



FIG. 701. Chiromys madagascarienxis from Vogt 

 and Specht. 



