PEMATES. 



333 



Arctopitheci t have flat or 



arched nails. In structure 



and function the hand is 



considerably inferior to 



that of man. The pelvis 



is long and extended, but 



in the Anthropomorpha, it 



is shorter and more like 



that of man, though it is 



always flatter. The tibia. 



and fibula are always 



separate and movable. 



The posterior extremity 



ends in all cases in a 



well-developed, prehensile 



foot, which, according to 



the osseous structure and 



muscular arrangements, we 



are not justified in calling 



a hand. The opposable 



hallux always has a nail, 



while the other toes may 



be armed with claws (Arc- 



topitheci). By the arrange- 

 ment of the hind limbs the 

 Apes are admirably adapted 

 for climbing and jumping. 

 On the other hand they 

 are less fitted for walking 

 or running upon the four 

 limbs, in consequence of the 

 position of the foot; the 

 leg is directed obliquely 

 inwards, so that only the 

 external edge of the foot 

 rests on the ground. The 

 gait is, therefore, clumsy, 

 except in the Arctopitheci. 



mi , ,, FlG - 703. Skeleton of Gorilla enqcna. St, Sternum; 



Iheir movements On the Sc, Scapula; Ac, Acromion ; PC, Coracoid process : 



h/Mirylic. o/l K mm ,a,,v, f Cl ' Clavicle; H, Humerus; R, Radius; 17, Ulna : 



DOUgllS and branches of Os, Sacrum ; Jl, Ilmm ; J, lachiutn ; P, Pubis ' 



which arp ptfppfprl Fe ' Femur : Pa ' Patella; T, Tibia; Fi, Fibula;' 



wnicn are ettected C , Calcaueum ; A, Astragalus. 



