336 MAMMALIA. 



hensile, but is in some cases rudimentary, or, as in the Anthropomor- 

 phiclce, entirely absent as an external appendage. 



Fam. Cynocephalidae. Baboons. Of stout, unwieldy build, with dog-like 

 projecting snout. The canine teeth are large like those of the Carnivora. There 

 are cheek pouches and large ischial callosities. Cynoceplialus hamadryas L. ; 

 C. Babuin Desm., Abyssinia ; C. Gelada Riipp., Cfelada ; Papio mormon L.. 

 Mandrill. Africa. 



Fam. Cercopithecidae. Of slender, light build, with cheek pouches, ischial 

 callosities, and tail of various length, without terminal tuft. Macacus sinicus L., 

 and silenus L., India ; M. cynomolgus L.. the Java Ape ; Rhesus nemestrinvs 

 Geoffr., Borneo and Sumatra ; Inuus. sylvanus L., ecaudatus Geoffr., Barbary 

 Ape, North Africa and Gibraltar ; Cercopitheeus sa'bcsus F. Guv., West Africa. 



Fam. Semnopithecidae. With small ischial callosities, without true cheek 

 pouches. The thumb is short. Semnopitliecus entellus L., reverenced in the 

 Indies as the holy ape of the Hindoos ; 8. nasicus Guv., Borneo. 



The African genus Colobm is allied to the Semnopithecidce, from which it is 

 distinguished principally by the thumb, which is rudimentary, or wanting. 

 Colobus Guereza Wagn., with long pendent white mane and caudal tuft, 

 Abyssinia. 



Fam. Anthropomorphae. Without tail, with long front limbs, without ischial 

 callosities [except in the Gibbons] and cheek pouches. The body is closely 

 covered with hair on the under side of the trunk and the limbs. Hylobates 

 Lar 111., H. syndactylm Guv., Siamang, Gibbon. The front limbs are very long, 

 reaching to the ground. Satyrux Orang L., Orang-Utang, Pongo. Lives in the 

 swampy forests of Borneo. Gorilla engena = gina J. Geoffr., Gorilla (fig 706). 

 Lives gregariously in forests on the west coast of Africa (on the Gaboon River) 

 and reaches a height of five and a half to six feet. Troglodytes niger L., the 

 Chimpanzee ; lives in great companies in the forests of Guinea, and is said to 

 build a nest with a roof upon trees. 



Man.* 



With reason and articulate speech, with upright gait, with hands and 

 L road-soled, short-toed feet. 



Although the view, which formerly was so widely held, that Man 

 belongs to a special natural kingdom, above and outside the animal 



* J. F. Blumenbach, " De generis humanis varietate nativa," Gottingse, 1795. 

 .And, "Decas Collectionis sufc craniorum diversarum gentium illustrate," 

 Gottingee, 17SO-1820. 



J. C. Prichard, " Eesearches into the Physical History of Mankind." 2nd ed 

 London, 1826. 



A. Retzius, " Anthropologische Aufsatze," iibersetzt in Miiller's Archiv.^ 



Huxley. "On the zoological relations of man with the lower animals," Nat. 

 Ilifit. Rev., 1861. 



Huxley. "Evidence as to Man's Place in Nature," London, 1863. 



C. Vogt, " Vorlesungen liber den Menschen," etc., Giessen. 1863. 



M. L. Bischoff, " Ueber die Verschiedenheit in der Schadelbildung de8 Gorilla, 

 Chimpanse und Orang-Utang," etc., Miinchen, 1867. 



Quetelet , ' ' Anthropometrie," . 1 8 70. 



Friedrich Miiller, " Allgemeine Ethnographic," Wien, 1879. 



