XVI MAGIC, SPELLS, AND CHARMS 123 



to sea with the ebb-tide in the belief or hope that it 

 will carry the sickness with it. 



Among the I bans, if a man has deceived people 

 in a serious matter by means of a malicious lie, and 

 if the untruth is discovered, one of the deceived 

 party takes a stick and throws it down at some spot 

 by which people are constantly passing, saying in 

 the presence of others, *' Let any one who does not 

 add to this liar's heap (tugong bMld) suffer from pains 

 in the head." Then others do likewise, and the 

 nature of the growing heap becoming known, every 

 passer-by throws a stick upon it lest he should 

 suffer pains. In this way the heap grows until it 

 attains a large size, in some cases that of a small 

 haystack, and, being known by the name of the liar, 

 is a cause of great shame to him. 



When any man has his hair cut or shaved, he 

 sees that the hair cut off is burnt or otherwise care- 

 fully disposed of. This is common to all the 

 Borneans. It would seem that this is not prompted 

 by fear of any definite harm, nor is there, so far as 

 we know, any recognised way of using the hair cut 

 off to work injury to its former owner. The custom 

 seems rather to be due to the fact that shields and 

 swords are decorated with the hair of enemies by 

 Kenyahs and others ; therefore it is felt that to use 

 a man's hair for this purpose is almost equivalent 

 to taking his head ; and it is well to guard against 

 this possibility. No doubt also it is vaguely felt 

 that if the hair of one's head should come into the 

 possession of any other person, that person would 

 acquire some indefinable power over one. 



Magical practices for the injury of enemies and 

 rivals are more various and frequent among the 

 coastwise Klemantans, especially the Bisayas, 

 Kadayans, and Malanaus. It is probable that they 

 have learnt much of this from the Malays. One 

 variety is to hang up at the edge of a padi field a 



