ETHNOLOGY OF BORNEO 239 



attempts to arrest it and to bring it back to the body 

 of the patient. In this and other rites the blood of 

 fowls (which they are said to venerate) (2) is smeared 

 on the participants. Divination by means of the 

 bones of fowls and the viscera, especially the liver of 

 the pig, is in common use (5). The souls of the dead 

 go to a place in which they live much as in this 

 world. It is called Apu Lagan^ (3). In this 

 abode of shades everything is upside down and all 

 directions are inverted (5). There are no rewards 

 and punishments after death (3). Parents take the 

 names of father and mother of So-and-so — the 

 name of their first child. The knife with which the 

 navel cord is cut at birth is carefully preserved (5). 

 Finally, the Karens are said to be distinguished by 

 a lack of humour, a trait which is well marked also 

 in the Kayans. 



In respect of all the characters and culture 

 elements mentioned above, the Karens- resemble the 

 Kayans very closely. Against these we have to 

 set off a few customs mentioned by our authorities 

 in which they differ from the Kayans. 



The Karens eat everything except members of 

 the cat tribe. They bury the bodies of the dead 

 after they have lain in state some three or four 

 days ; and they hold an annual feast for the dead 

 at the August new moon. They ascribe two souls 

 to man, one of a kind which is possessed also by 

 animals, tools, weapons, the rice, and one which is the 

 responsible soul peculiar to man.^ 



The bride is taken to the house of the bride- 

 groom's father. Only one tribe, namely, the Red 

 Karens, practises tatu, and among them a figure 

 which seems to represent the rising sun is tatued 

 on the back of the men only (5). They weave a 

 coarse cloth. 



^ Cp. the Kayan Apo Leggan^ vol. ii. p. 40. 



"^ This, however, is a statement which perhaps might loosely be made of the 

 Kayans. Cp. vol. ii. p. 34. 



