312 PAGAN TRIBES OF BORNEO 



and the cousins Sarasin have noted this strain among the 

 Toalas of Celebes and Moszkowski among the Batins of 

 Sumatra ; in this connection it is of interest that Nieu- 

 wenhuis discovered ten Ulu Ayars and two Punans with 

 straight hair and a "black or blue -black" skin colour; 

 Kohlbrugge,^ who records this observation, offers no 

 explanation. 



Dr. E. T. Hamy in 1877 recognised a primitive element 

 in the Malay Archipelago, for which he adopted the term 

 Indonesian, a name previously invented by Logan for the 

 non- Malay population of the East Indian Archipelago. 

 De Quatrefages and Hamy further established this stock 

 in their Crania Ethnica (1882), and de Quatrefages in his 

 Histoire gSnirale des races humaines (1889) boldly states 

 that these high- and narrow-headed peoples are "un des 

 rameaux de la branche blanche allophyle" {Ix. pp. 515, 

 521). Keane terms the Indonesians "the pre -Malay 

 Caucasic element in Oceania " (^Man Past and Present^ 

 1899, p. 231). Various investigators ^ have studied skulls 

 obtained from this region which prove the wide extension 

 of dolichocephaly. Kohlbrugge (1898), who investigated 

 the Tenggerese, Indonesian mountaineers of Java, says : 

 " Les Indon^siens sont dolichoc^phales, les Malais brachy- 

 c^phales ou hyperbrachyc^phales. Le sang indon^sien 

 se decile done par la longueur de la tete : plus celle-ci se 

 rapproche du type dolichocephale, plus pur est le sang 

 indon^sien." Volz confirms Hagen's observations of the 

 existence among the Battak of North Sumatra of two types, 

 a dolichocephalic Indonesian and a brachycephalic type. 

 The term Indonesian may now be regarded as definitely 



^ Dr. A. W. Nieuwenhuis, " Anthropometrische Untersuchungen bei den 

 Dajak." Bearbeitet durch Dr. J. H. F. Kohlbrugge, Mitt, aus dem Niederl. 

 Reichsmus. fiir Volkerk. ser. ii. No. 5, Haarlem, 1903. Owing to the 

 inaccessibility of this memoir, I have incorporated his more important observa- 

 tions in this essay. 



2 S waving, G., Natuurk. Tijdschr. v. Ned. Ind.y xxiii., 1861, xxiv., 1862. 



Hoeven, J. van der, Catalogus cranioruni diversaruni gentium. 



Virchow, R., Z.f.E.^ xvii., 1885, p. (270), in which he states that of 

 47 "Dayak" skulls in the museums of Paris, Amsterdam, and the Royal 

 College of Surgeons, London, 20 were dolichocephalic, 12 mesaticephalic, and 

 15 brachycephalic. Cf. also Z.f.E., xxiv., 1892, p. (435). 



Hagen, B., Verh. d. Kon. Akad. d. Wetensch. Natuurkund, xxviii., 

 Amsterdam, 1890. 

 , Waldeyer, W., Z.f.E., xxvi., 1894, p. (383). 



Zuckerkandl, E., Mitt. d. Anthrop. Gesell. Wien, xxiv., 1894, p. 254. 



Kohlbrugge, J. H. F., VAnthropologie, ix., 1898, p. i. 



Volz, W., Arch. f. Anthrop.^ xxvi., 1900, p. 719. 



Haddon, A. C, Archiv. per P Ant. e /' EtnoL, xxxi., 1901, p. 341. 



