APPENDIX 313 



restricted to a dolichocephalic, and the term Proto-Malay 

 to a brachycephalic race, of which the true Malays (Orang 

 Malayu) are a specialised branch. 



The next point to discuss is the presence of these two 

 races in Borneo. The Dutch Expedition found three 

 distinct types in the interior of Netherlands Borneo, the 

 Ulu Ayars (Ulu Ajar) ^ or Ot Danum of the upper Kapuas, 

 the Bahau - Kenyahs (Bahau - Kenja) of the middle or 

 upper Mahakam (or Kotei) and the upper waters of the 

 rivers to the north, and the Punans, nomadic hunters 

 living in the highlands about the head-waters of the great 

 rivers. The first of these may be classed as predominantly 

 Indonesian and the others as mainly Proto - Malay in 

 origin. According to Nieuwenhuis the Bahaus and 

 Kenyahs both remember that they came from Apo Kayan 

 at the headwaters of the Kayan river ; they were formerly 

 known as the Pari tribes. In all the tribes of this group 

 the social organisation is in the main similar, and this 

 affinity is borne out by their material culture, thus they 

 may be regarded as originally one people. Tribes calling 

 themselves Bahau now live along the Mahakam above 

 Mujub and include one Kayan group ; on the upper Rejang 

 are Bahau tribes under the name of Kayan, and a small 

 section has advanced into the Kapuas area and settled on 

 the Mendalam which again includes Kayans and kindred 

 tribes. All the tribes still in Apo Kayan call themselves 

 Kenyah, as also those of the eastward flowing Tawang, 

 Berau and Kayan (or Bulungan) rivers and those of the 

 upper Limbang and Baram flowing northwards. The 

 Kenyahs of Apo Kayan live along the Iwan, a tributary 

 of the Kayan river (or Bulungan) ; to the north-east is 

 another tributary called the Bahau which seems to have 

 been the original home of the Bahau people since the tribes 

 of Borneo habitually take their names from the rivers along 

 which they live.^ 



^ Nieuwenhuis usually speaks of these as Ulu Ajar Dajak. I have more 

 than once deprecated this use of the term *' Dayak " as it has simply come to 

 mean a non-Malayan inhabitant of Borneo, for example, we find "K^njah 

 Dajak" on his map. In Sarawak this term is confined to the Sea Dayaks 

 and Land Dayaks, for the former I have suggested that the native name Iban 

 be adopted, but I have not been able to find a suitable native name for the 

 Land Dayaks of Sarawak who are probably allied to the Ulu Ayars. 



'^ The foregoing statement is taken from Nieuwenhuis, but Dr. Hose sends 

 me the following remarks : 



** Part is the word iox padi in both Kayan and Kenyah language. 



" The Uma Timi and Uma Klap of the Upper Rejang are possibly Bahau 



