APPENDIX 319 



brachycephalic element " Malay." The true Malay, 

 Orang Maldyu, is merely a specialised branch of a stock 

 for which I prefer the non-committal name of Proto-Malay, 

 even " Southern-Mongol " is preferable to " Malay." The 

 Proto-Malay race has its roots on the mainland. It has 

 yet to be shown how far the brachycephals of this region 

 belong to what is here termed the Proto-Malay race or to 

 what extent other, and doubtless allied, stocks are impli- 

 cated. If, as is very probable, there have been migrations 

 of differentiated peoples from the mainland into the islands, 

 the Bornean peoples may be of more complex origin than 

 the earlier generalisations might suggest. The dissecting 

 out and the tracing of the migrations of these peoples is 

 the work of ethnography, somatology can be of little 

 assistance ; all that I have done is to provide a certain 

 amount of material for the use of students in the future. 

 It must also be remembered that the immigrants from the 

 mainland may have had at one time infusions of Negrito 

 or Pre -Dra vidian (Sakai) blood, not to speak of Tibetan, 

 Chinese, or other mixtures. Similarly when the first 

 migrations from the mainland took place the fairer-skinned 

 immigrants probably found an indigenous population of 

 Negritos, Pre-Dravidians, and possibly to some extent of 

 Papuans in various parts of the Archipelago. We know 

 that many of the islands, including Borneo, have been 

 subject to direct migrations from India and China, and 

 there has doubtless been a certain amount of movement 

 of peoples from island to island. The racial history of this 

 region is therefore extremely complex. 



Dr. Hose has suggested the following classification^ of 

 the peoples of Sarawak (exclusive of the Malays), which 

 I have followed in arranging the descriptions given below. 

 For the sake of comparison I have recast the data published 

 by Kohlbrugge concerning the three types studied by 

 Nieuwenhuis ; it is unfortunate that our several results 

 cannot be more closely correlated. 



^ This was drawn up by Dr. Hose from his general knowledge of the 

 people of Sarawak, and it will be found to agree very closely with the anthropo- 

 metric data, thus we may regard it as expressing the present state of our 

 knowledge of the affinities of the several tribes. 



