APPENDIX 323 



the head at an angle of less than 30* (i), between 30° and 

 60° (2),; or over 60° (3). Lobule: This is never totally absent, 

 but when it is 3 mm. or less from the middle of the curved base 

 of the anti-tragus it may be called approximately so (o), when 

 3-10 mm. it is small (i), 10-15 ^"™- "tedium (2), over 15 mm. 

 long (3). The lobule may be free or adhere partially or totally 

 to the side of the face. Descending helix : The degree of folding 

 varies; there may be none (o), under 2 mm. (i), between 2 and 4 

 mm. (2), between 4 and 6 mm. (3). Darwiii s point : It may be 

 absent (o), or present as a distinct tip (i), as an infolded tip (2), 

 as an inrolled knob (3), or as a slight thickening of the infolded 

 part of the helix (4); the position is constant in the upper 

 posterior segment. Tragus : This may be absent (o), otherwise 

 it varies in size measured from base to apex, under 3 mm. (i), 

 between 3 and 5 mm. (2), or 5 to 7 mm. (3). Sometimes it has 

 two apices. Anti-tragus \ This also may be absent (o), or if 

 present the size from base to apex measures as in the tragus 

 under 3 mm. (i), between 3 and 5 mm. (2), or 5-7 mm. (3). 

 Anti-helix : It is bent into an angle slightly or not at all (o), the 

 angle does not reach the level of the helix (i), the angle is a 

 little within or a little beyond the level of the helix (2), it is very 

 prominent, distinctly beyond the level of the helix (3). Its pro- 

 minence is a human feature. 



As regards the hair, in all cases where there were a number 

 of observations one or two of the oldest men had grizzled or 

 even grey hair. The hair of the head is usually worn long and 

 often attains a length of about two feet, but it is sometimes cut 

 shorter and is occasionally very short. It is usually fairly 

 abundant, but in all groups a few persons have scanty hair. The 

 hair of the face is in all groups either absent or very scanty; 

 the same applies to the body hair. The only scale of skin colours 

 we had was that given in the Notes and Queries on Anthropology 

 (2nd ed., 1892), but as this was obviously inadequate for the 

 purpose, Dr. Hose prepared a scale for our use in the field, 

 the shades of which have subsequently been as far as possible 

 equated with those of Prof, von Luschan's Hautfarben-Tafel (Puhl 

 and Wagner, Rixdorf) ; it is these numbers which appear in 

 brackets in the following descriptions, and I have also attempted 

 to describe them in English ; the term cinamon is based on the 

 colour of the stick cinnamon of commerce. The colours were 

 usually matched from the inner aspect of the upper arm so as 

 to avoid the darkening caused by the burning of the sun. 

 Besides the information recorded on the cards, a number of 

 additional data on skin colour collected by Dr. Hose are included 

 in the synopses. As regards stature the subject is described 

 as short when he measures less than 1.625 n^- (5 ft- 4 in.), 

 medium 1.6 2 5- 1.724 m. (5 ft. 4 in. to 5 ft. 8 in.), and tall 



