A gamut of potential problems may result when production, passage and harvest 

 actions are not coordinated. Fish production investments may be in conflict. Power system 

 operations may diminish production or offset increases in production. The mixed-stock 

 harvest. In which weaker stocks may be harvested at the same rate as more abundant 

 stocks, may undermine passage actions designed to protect or enhance certain stocks of 

 fish. Further, land and water management actions may undermine fish production 

 investments. 



When actions are taken in the absence of a system perspective, there also may be too 

 little recognition of the spectrum of choices among production, passage and harvest 

 actions. Actions may be taken with inadequate analysis of their likely effectiveness, 

 providing no assurance that a given action effectively achieves sound biological objectives 

 at the minimum economic cost. Monitoring and evaluation of actions may be absent, 

 uncoordinated, short-term, sporadic or narrow in focus. As a result, there is too little real 

 opportunity to learn from actions and compare their effectiveness. 



This is an opportune, perhaps critical, time to address the need for a system 

 perspective, while the major effort represented by the Council's Columbia River Basin Fish 

 and Wildlife Program is in its early years, and much planning has been initiated under other 



4 



forums. The Pacific Salmon Treaty, ratified March 18. 1985, addresses allocation of 

 harvest opportunities in the Pacific Ocean and the need to rebuild stocks. Implementation 

 of the treaty requires data collection and long-term monitoring of harvest and production. 

 The United States v. Oregon negotiations concern allocation of Columbia River harvest 



4./ Treaty between the governments of the United States and Canada concerning Pacific 

 Salmon (1985). 



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