!♦» CAUSES, SYMPTOMS AND TREATMENT OK 



the conformation of the horse. Pressure upon the throat produces pain. 

 The pulse varies much ; it it is very quick, and the animal cannot 

 swallow, you have a very severe case. The mouth is generally hot, with 

 a peculiar sticky sensation ; the tongue diyer than natural ; the breath- 

 ing oppressed more or less, especially if the mucous membrane of the 

 glottal opening is severely affected. Increased respiration, secretions 

 generally impaired, bowels costive and urine scanty. In one or two 

 days there will be a discharge from the mouth, and in acute cases it is a 

 favourable symptom ; it generally disappears in from four to ten daj's, 

 but the animal should not be put to hard work for some time. It may 

 terminate in roaring or bronchitis. 



Treatment. — Plenty of pure air is very necessary ; if the feet and legs 

 are cold, have them well hand-rubbed and bandaged Give nitrate of 

 potash and chlorate of potash. Be very careful in giving a drench ; give 

 chlorate of potash, two to four drachms in tepid water two or three times 

 a day. Use judicious counter irritation ; equal parts of ammonia, tur- 

 pentine and oil ; or rub mustard well into the skin and wash off in two 

 or three hours, it may be necessary to use stronger remedies, such as 

 biniodide of mercury or cantharides. If the breathing is very difficult, 

 you may in some cases give inhalation of chloroform ; give any food that 

 the animal will take well ; but if he will eat soft food it is the best. 

 Give plenty of cold water. And it is sometimes necessary to perform the 

 operation of tracheotomy ; and there are other remedies you may use. 

 You maj- find benefit from the use of camphor one drachm, tincture bella- 

 dona one-half drachm, opium one-half drachm, or digitalis one-half 

 drachm, nitrate of potash two drachms, licorice two drachms, ipecacuanha 

 one-half drachm. If a cough is present use counter irritation, and give 

 iodide of potassium one drachm, morning and night. 



Nasal trleet, chronic catarrh, or ozaena. There is a glary discharge 

 from one or both nostrils. It is a sub-acute inflammation ; the frontal 

 or maxillary sinuses are the parts affected. The discharge varies accord- 

 ing to the length of time and to the seat of the disease. 



Causes. — Neglected catarrh, especially if exposed to cold and not al- 

 lowed a sufficient amount of food. Exposure by running to a strawstack, 

 etc., or an injury to the frontal sinus if sufficient to fracture the bone or 

 even to injure the blood vessels inside of the bone, or from a carious 

 tooth. Nasal gleet is a sj-mptom of bad teeth, or of inspissated or dried 

 pus. A tumor may produce it, or the introduction of a foreign substance 

 into the nasal chambers, by endeavouring to swallow something and 

 expelling it into the nasal chambers. 



Symptoms. — It is sometimes mistaken for glanders ; first a discharge 

 from the nostrils ; it may be of a whitish or yellowish colour, which may 

 be retained for some time in the nostril and then be expelled in consider- 

 able quantities. Look at the nose ; the mucous membrane may be red- 

 dened or of a yellow hue, but no ulcerated patches, as in glanders. There 

 may be swelling of the lymphatic glands, especially if it comes from a 

 diseased tooth ; the animal may continue in pretty good spirits, and may 

 work pretty well. If the frontal sinuses are affected, you can detect it by 

 the sound, by concussion, sounds being different in empty and in full 

 sinuses. The animal becomss lean in flesh ; it is called hide-bound, the 

 discharge, if from a case of long standing, has a fetid smell ; in glanders 

 it is not so fetid, and the discharge is of a more greenish colour. Always 

 examine as to the state of the teeth. 



Distinguishing Symptoms between Glanders and Nasal Gleet: 



In inlanders. 



(1.) Discharge in the first stages generally comes from the left nostril. 



(2.) Discharge has a tendency to adhere around the nostril. 



