DISEASES OF DOMESTIC .VNIMALS. 19 



extremely long necks and a narrow submaxilliary space are very apt to 

 become roarers. 



Symptoms. — As long as you do not excite the animal he is always 

 free from it, but if you work him hard or drive him, he will show it 

 quickly. 



Treatment. — All medicinal agents fail in the treatment of this disease, 

 when there is well marked wastings of the muscles of the larynx. 

 Recently, however, an operation consisting of an excision of the vocal 

 chords and part of the arytenoid cartillages has been successful in some 

 cases. If it results from thickness of the mucous membrane, give iodide 

 of potassium ; or you may use counter irritation. Whistling, wheezing, 

 etc., are only modified symptoms of roaring. The muscles involved in 

 roaring are the crico-arytenoideus, posticus and lateralis, arytenoideus 

 and thyro-arytenoideus. It may come from nervous influences. 



Spasms of the Larynx, — Most likely to occur in old horses. 



Causes. — It is often associated with cerebral disturbances. 



Symptoms. — The animal is seized with a violent tit of coughing, may 

 reel,stapger and sometimes fall. There is no pain on manipulation. 



Treatment. — Inhalations of chloroform may be tried. Give mild 

 laxative and bromide of potassium, and follow by uux vomica. 



Epistaxis, or bleeding from the nose, is not very common, and usually 

 proceeds from some injury, or is the result of violent exertion, rupturing 

 some of the blood vessels. It is not very serious. The blood, as a 

 general thing, issues from but one nostril, but it may come from both. 

 Horses in high condition, without much exercise, are more liable to 

 this. 



Treatment. — It must vary to a certain extent. If there is not much 

 blood, just bathe with cold water, or you may inject the nose. But be 

 careful in injecting the nose of a hor.^e, or you may have a more severe 

 form If in but one nostril, use tow with some styptic, as acetate of lead. 

 Feed well and get the animal in proper condition. 



Hemorrhage of the Lungs is generally symptomatic of some disease, 

 and when it is, it is easily detectei. It is produced by various causes, 

 and may come from different sources — from the air cells, bronchial tubes, 

 or from the substance of the lungs. Horses most likely to suffer, if in good 

 health, are plethoric animals. It is not uncommon among the trotting 

 and racing horses, and is generally the result of improper care or use. It 

 may result from violent exertion, although the animal is in very good 

 condition. Instead of escaping by the nose, the blood sometimes becomes 

 extravasated in the substance of the lungs, producing serious results, as 

 pneumonia, etc 



Symptoms. — There is not generally much difficulty in determining it. 

 It generally comes from both nostrils, and the animal also coughs ; 

 respiration is quick ; the animal is weak ; and there is some irritation. 

 Apply the ear to the trachea, and you will hear a peculiar gurgling noise. 



Treatment. — Keep the animal standing quiet ; cover well in cold 

 weather, and apply cold to the chest — cold water or ice. Be very careful 

 with internal remedies ; but after some time use styptics — use turpentine 

 or acetate of lead, or the tincture of the chloride of iron, two or three 

 drachms once or twice a day, or gallic acid one drachm, with one drachm 

 of opium. If the legs are cold stimulate to some extent, and after some 

 time administer stimulants, such as sweet spirits of nitre. Inform the 

 owner of the nature of the case, and the great danger of exertion. 



Congestion of the Lungs. — The lungs are supplied with two sets of 

 blood vessels, the functional and nutritive. The functional are the pul- 

 raonarv arteries and veins ; the nutritive are the bronchial arteries and 



