DISEASES OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS. 27 



Treatment. — If it is an ordinary case — not very severe —give an anti- 

 spasmodic, nitre a ad laudanum— just the same as a colic drench ; do not 

 give hypoderm c injections, for it may do damage ; blanket well ; give 

 plenty of pure air ; but if it is a more severe case, and is threatened w.th 

 congestion of the lungs, you may take three or four, five or six quarts of 

 blood if the horse was in good condition ; follow by anti-spasmodics ; use 

 turpentine ; and, as soon as the animal can take it, give plenty of cold 

 water ; after treatment, get the animal in good condition ; feed well and 

 give regular exercise. This disease may produce death by congestion of 

 the lungs, so you must be careful in giving hypodermic injections ; 

 owing to the impaired condition of the heart, it might be interfered with. 



Rapture of the Diaphrji^iu. — If it is of any great extent, death 

 soon relieves the animal ; but there may be but a very small rupture, and 

 it may recover ; it frequently occurs after death ; there may be very 

 severe symptoms of colic, and rupture be the result : or violent exertion 

 may produce it. There are no general 



Symptoms by which you can distinguish this easily. A frothy spume 

 may issue from the nose When you find rupture of the diaphragm in 

 post mortem, you may be called upon to tell whether it occurred during 

 life or after death and if there is extravasation of blood, you may say 

 it occurred before death ; but if there is no extravasation of blood, then 

 it occurred after death. Some think it never occurs before death, but I 

 think it does. 



Inflamiuation of the Trachea.— Use counter irritation, sedatives, 

 etc. ; sometimes stimulants. 



Abnormal Growths. — In connection with tracheotomy, the cartilages 

 take on an improper growth. 



Recapitulation. — Pleuraodynia, pain in the side, supervenes some 

 debilitating disease, influenza, etc. Use counter irritation, hot water, 

 anodyne liniment, camphor, opium, etc. Spasms of the diaphragm, 

 generally results f om fast, long-continued and violent exertion ; difficult 

 breathing ; loud thumping sound of the parts, but not in connection 

 with the heart ; difficult respiration. If not relieved, may soon end in 

 death. Give anti-spasmodics, and free access to the air ; may have to 

 place almost in the open air ; may let some blood for the purpose of 

 relieving congestion. After treatment : Give iodide of p tassium or other 

 such remedies. Rupture of the diaphragm in most cases is due to asute 

 indigestion : throwing himself on the ground with great violence when in 

 such a condition may rupture the diaphragm. 



DISEASES OF THE AIR PASSAGES. 



The air passages of cattle differ some from those of the horse. 



Catarrh. — Cattle do not suffer from catarrh so readily as horses; it 

 affects the nasal chambers and sinuses of the head ; at first only the 

 nasal chambers, but if allowed to continue will extend and involve the 

 nasal sinuses. It is generally brought on by a change in the temperature, 

 but cattle are not so easily affected as horses. It is caused by running in 

 the barn yard in winter, not getting food enough, etc. 



Symptoms. — A discharge of matter from the nose ; muzzle dry and 

 rough ; there is some fever and a cough is present ; but not so easily 

 excited as in the horse; pulse somewhat excited. There are two kinds; 

 the malignant form appears in Europe, but not in America. 



Treatment. — Give a gentle laxative ; four or five ounces of Epsom 

 salts in about a quart of water, followed by nitrous ether, seems to check 

 it. Another is nitrate of potash— half ounce, cream of tartar — one 

 ounce. Take good care of the animal— the same as of the horse. If the 



