28 CAUSES, SYMPTOMS AND TREATMENT Of 



discharge continues, use sulphate of iron (one ounce daily in two or three 

 doses) for two or three days. It has a greater tendency to become chronic 

 in the cow than in the horse. The horns may drop off. Catarrh gives 

 rise to an imaginary disease called hollow horn. If an animal becomes 

 debilitated there is more hollow in the horn than in health ; but there is 

 no such disease as hollow horn ; one side is generally more affected than 

 the other. If an animal suffering from a chronic disease, or in a very 

 old animal, the sinuses of the head will be more fully developed than in a 

 healthy or in a young animal. 



Treatment. — Use remedies such as used in nasal gleet ; or counter 

 irritation. If there is much pain, the animal carries the head to one side. 

 There is enlarged condition at the root of the horn from the accumula- 

 tion of matter. You may make a hole at the lower part of the base of 

 the horn with a small gimlet : or you may have a more severe case, and 

 the horn so diseased as to allow it to fall off; take it off in such a ca«e, 

 and you can stop the hemorrhage with tow saturated with carbolic acid, 

 etc. Cattle also suffer from 



Pharyngitis and Laryngitis (generally compound), caused by 

 exposure to the cold, etc., the same as in the horse, except from working. 

 It may be due to tubercular deposits, to which high-bred cattle are more 

 subject than ordinary cattle. 



S)'m/»^ow5.— Difficult breathing, loud and wheezing, slight swelling, 

 pulse quickened, and rumination stops. It may result from choking, or 

 from means resorted to, to remove obstruction from the throat. 



Treatment. — Give pure air ; place in a box by itself ; use nitrate of 

 potash in larger doses than in the horse; get the bowels to work, by giving 

 Epsom salts. You may give hyoscyamus ; use embrocations stronger 

 than in the horse; two parts of turpentine, etc., to one of oil ; or you 

 may use croton oil. If the animal has apparently recovered from 

 pharyngitis, and there is some difficulty in breathing, there is no doubt 

 but there is some tubercular deposit present, and the disease will be 

 likely to return or increase. If you treat such case, use iodide of 

 potassium, and counter irritation. 



Tuberculosis. — Cattle suffering from internal abscesses in the 

 larynx. There is great difficulty in breathing, although the animal 

 may feed pretty well. There will be an enlargement, and there 

 may be some external swelling. Examine by means of the balling 

 iron, and if it does not burst soon enough, you may puncture inside, and 

 let the matter escape. Such cases are common, and external tumours 

 are more common. On pressing upon the larynx and trachea, there is 

 visible swelling, difficult breathing, loud wheezing, increased by running 

 the animal a short distance ; symptoms of suffocation. It is astonishing 

 in what good condition an animal may be in, and at the same time be 

 suffering from such tumours, so you must not expect to find them 

 emaciated always. 



Treatment. — Tumours are generally of a tubercular character. You 

 will sometimes find a fibrous tumour, and in some cases, although you 

 examine very carefully, if you will be more careful you will find in the 

 centre some amount of pus. You will, perhaps, think there is a fibrous 

 tumour, and upon cutting into it, it will jjrove to be an abscess. I recom- 

 mend a careful examination, for, in four cases out of five, you 'will find 

 matter. In all such cases, open up carefully, for they are vascular to 

 some extent. You may find benefit from a seaton, or from biniodide of 

 mercury. But if it is from tubercular affection, there is no certainty of 

 curing it. You may be able to dissect the tumours out, but if it is not 



