DISEASES or DOMESTIC ANIMALS. 29 



well defined, and there is matter, let the matter out, and the animal will 

 be relieved. Cattle suffer also from 



Bronchitis. —Characterized by irregular wheezy breathing, which can 

 generally be heard without much trouble ; rumination ceases ; pulse may 

 be eighty or ninety beats per minute. Causes just similar to that of the 

 horse. 



Treatment, — Similar to that of the horse, but larger doses. There is 

 one form in cattle that is not in horses. 



Filaria Bronchitis. — Cattle and sheep more likely to have parasitic 

 attacks than any other animals. The disease is oftener found in young 

 cattle than in old, but it may affect both. In calves, it is called strongy- 

 lus micrurus ; in lambs it is strongylus filaria. It is usually found in 

 the tissue of the bronchial tubes ; and in sheep it is found imbedded 

 in the lung tissue, but it is not generally so found in the calf. It 

 is known as hoose. How does this worm get into the tubes ? There 

 are many theories, but I believe they find their way into the circu- 

 lation. I do not think, as some do, that they pass in through the 

 nose, for in such case it would excite the animal, and it would expel 

 it; but it gets into the animal through the water, etc., and gets into 

 the circulation, and finds its way into the mucous membrane of the bron- 

 chial tubes. It is more common in low Ijdng ground, and is more com- 

 mon in some years than others, and in some times of the year than 

 others. 



Symptoms. — Difficulty in breathing, a peculiar husky cough, rumination 

 may not be suspended. There will be a discharge from the nose ; if you 

 take this you may detect the parasites in it. It is rare that one animal 

 is affected by itself, but many are affected at the same time. 



Treatment of Parasitic 5rowf/n7zs.— Use anthelmintics ; use turpentine 

 with linseed oil. If it gets too severe, give rest, or you may use turpen- 

 tine with milk ; or you may use inhalation of solphuric acid, by burning 

 sulphur ; or use chlorine gas, with caution. You may find benefit in 

 after-treatment by giving a generous diet, and change of locality. If 

 cattle that have been upon low ground, have them put upon high ground ; 

 bear this particularly in mind. If the parasites become imbedded in the 

 lung tissue, they will have been forming there for some time, perhaps 

 before any notice was taken of them. 



Influenza. — So named because it was formerly supposed to be in- 

 fluenced by the stars. It may appear in a very malignant form. It is 

 very common among the horses of this country, and is of a specific 

 character. It is an epizootic contagious febrile disease, due to the intro- 

 duction into the system of a specific germ, principally affecting the respir- 

 atory organs, but may involve different organs in the body as the heart, 

 liver, pleura, etc. The contagious matter may enter the system in a 

 variety of ways. 



Caused by some atmospheric influence ; some condition that cannot be 

 found out precisely. There is some difference of opinion as to whether it 

 is contagious or not. It is better to keep the animal away from other 

 animals, if convenient ; but what operates upon one animal may operate 

 upon a number at the same time. Such as the epizootic, which appeared 

 in 1872. It could not be accounted for as of a contagious form. Influ- 

 enza is more prevalent in the spring and autumn months, when the 

 animals are changing their coats ; but it may appear in an epizootic 

 form — that is, it attacks a great many animals similarly at the satne 

 time. I will not now speak of these very severe epizootic forms, but will 

 speak of it as seen more or less every year. In 1872, 1874 and 1878 it pre- 

 vailed to a great extent, and as you see it in such cases it is more severe 

 than in ordinary circumstances. 



