DISEASES OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS. 41 



badly affected, turning out to pasture for about a year may so change the 

 system as to remove the warts. Pimples upon the shoulder and back 

 will discharge a little matter, and may set up an irritation and produce a 

 sitfast. 



Stomatitis Contagiosa.— This comes from faulty digestion, and is 

 not due to parasites. Small eruptions appear about the mouth and 

 lips. Use carbolic acid and corrosive sublimate. 



Mange, Scabies. — Is an eruption on the skin, due to parasites. It 

 appears in the horse, ox, sheep, dog and human being. It is more or 

 less troublesome to all classes of animals, both domestic or wild. It 

 may be defined to be an eruptive cutaneous disease common to a large 

 number of animals and to mankind, and transmissible from species 

 to species, more or less. These parasites, which we find infesting 

 various animals, belong to the class arachnida, the order acarida, and 

 the family sarcoptes. There are different kinds, varying in size and 

 shape. Some burrow under the skin, and others just hold on to the 

 skin ; some can be conveyed from horse to man, and vice versa. I will 

 just give you a little notice 'of the various kinds. There are three 

 kinds — sarcoptes. dermatodectes and symbiotes. The first is common 

 to man, the horse, pig, dog and cattle ; they burrow in the flesh. The 

 second prick the skin, but do not burrow, and are common to horse, 

 ox and sheep. The third live in families, and set up extensive irrita- 

 tion, but do not burrow into the skin. It is sometime before they 

 extend over any great amount of territory. They are common to the 

 horse, ox and elephant. Sarcoptes means to conceal in the flesh ; 

 dermatodectes to prick the skin ; and symbiotes to live in families. 

 The exciting cause of mange is parasite, and there are certain condi- 

 tions which favour its development. An attack of the sacoptes is 

 rather slow at first, but after a time it spreads very rapidly. It will 

 set up irritation in the skin of the human being, but will not propa- 

 gate. The second is most commonly met with in the horse ; it is 

 larger and more easily detected than other parasites, and is less seri- 

 ous. The third is supposed to live only on the horse, but it is found 

 on the ox and elephant. 



Manffe in Horses is an eruptive contagious disease, due to para- 

 sites. The exciting cause is a cutaneous parasite ; but there are other 

 causes which tend to favour their production. Animals in poor con- 

 dition, with long, dirty hair, etc., are more liable to be attacked than 

 others ; but horses in good condition will be attacked. They are 

 more extensively seen during war. It may be communicated in 

 various ways, by harness, saddles, bridles, brushes, etc. 



Symptoms. — These parasites burrow and set up irritation, and min- 

 ute vesicles will be formed. Some burrow deeply, and the hair will 

 pull off easily. It is evinced by itchiness. It is more likely to be 

 about the tail or other such parts. In eczema, there are symptoms 

 similar, but it spreads more quickly, and sets up more irritation and 

 inflammation than in mange ; and if you have any doubt, you must 

 resort to a microscope. Just place some of the scales upon a piece of 

 paper, and you may detect them with the naked eye, or you may try 

 experiments upon your arm. Put some of the scales on your arm, 

 and if it is mange it will, after some time, set up an irritation. It is 

 not a very frequent disease among Canadian or American horses. 



Treatment is somewhat difi&cult. Apply something that will destroy 

 the insects. The treatment is generally local, but constitutional 

 treatment may be necessary. The best is carbolic acid and lotion ; an 

 ounce of acid to a pint of water. I would recommend, after a careful 



