72 CAUSES, SYMPTOMS AND TREATMENT OF 



zinc ointment, carbolic lotion, etc., but it does not require much medi- 

 cine ; give good, easil}- digested food. In all diseases of an eruptive 

 character, if checked, it leaves the poison in the system. 



Variola YaceinaB — cow pox; oftener seen in cattle than in the horse, 

 and hus been seen in every quarter of the globe — in some places in a very 

 severe form, and attended with great fatality, but in Britain and America 

 it is not fatal. It is an eruptive pustular disease, and usually shows 

 itself on the udder and teat, but it may attack the feet and mouth. It 

 is more severe on cattle that are continally housed, but it occasionally 

 occurs in animals running in pasture It runs about the same course as 

 in the horse — first, incubatory, febrile disturbances and eruptions. 



Symptoms. — More or less fever ; falling off of milk, if in milk cow 

 Appetite slightly impaired ; slight increase of temperature, if examined. 

 Then it shows itself by eruptions, especially about the udder ; but a 

 slight eruption takes place, presenting a reddened condition, and may 

 become confluent ; the teat may be one mass of pustular eruptions ; one 

 person's milking ten, or perhaps twelve cows, tends to spread it. If you 

 meet with two or three cases showing such symptoms, it is a little suspic- 

 ious, but it may be caused by some local irritation, as running through 

 long grass, irritating the pans ; and if kept in for two or three days, the 

 irritation subsides. 



Treatment. — Cleanliness ; bath the udder nicely with tepid water and 

 astringents, acetate of lead, carbolic lotion ; covering the teat with milk 

 is beneficial. Give sulphur, hypo sulphite of soda, laxative diet. If irri- 

 tated by the flies, keep up during the day, and let out at night. The 

 virus is in a fixed form. It is a disease that occasionally occurs, and is 

 of great importance, for this is where we get our vaccine matter, which 

 has been of great benefit. The pig is also liable to variola. The virus is 

 in both a fixed and volatile form in the pig. When the pig becomes 

 spotted, called spotted fever, it may be due to variola. Give salines, 

 laxatives, Epsom or glauber's salts ; good nourishing food The dog is 

 also liable to variola. Tlie virus is in a fixed form. The eruption nearly 

 the same in all animals, and the same stages in different subjects. 



Contagious Pleiiro-Pneiimoiiia is not communicable to any other 

 species. We have two kinds ; sporadic, which runs its course quickly, 

 and contagious, in which there is a great amount of fever, and is some- 

 times classed as an infectious fever. It is a disease which is interesting 

 to some people in this counti'y, as it exists to a more or less extent in 

 America. It is a disease that has been known for two hundred years in 

 Russia. During the present century it has gradually made its way from 

 the east to the west. It was noticed in Prussia in 1 8^2 ; in Northern 

 Russia in 1824 : in England in 1841 ; in America in 1843. It occurred 

 in Australia in 1815, having been carried there by cattle from- England. 

 Therefore, at present, it seems to be due to contagium, in some form or 

 other. It is a specific contagious disease, peculiar to cattle. Due to 

 blood poison, acting upon the system in general, and it shows ilself, in 

 particular, in the lungs. It appears in both acute and sub-acute form, 

 and we cannot communicate it to any other animal than cattle In a 

 great many cases it is in the sub-acute, and proves a very serious disease. 

 It implicates the lining membrane of the lungs and chest, and the 

 lung substance as well. And if an animal recovers, it will not be 

 attacked again, it never occurring twice in the same animal. It 

 is contagious and due to a micro-organism : said by some to be a 

 micrococcus. There are various stages, the first consists of 



