74 CAUSES, SYMPT05IS AND TREATMENT OF 



than treatment. However, after it gets into a country spreading over 

 many hundreds of miles, even then prophylactic treatment is better than 

 curative It is not so extensive as formerly, as the animals are destroyed, 

 and the owner is, in some countries, compensated. To prevent the dis- 

 ease, I believe in inoculation. This was recommended in 1852. It was 

 tried, and considered a benefit, and then was thought of no benefit ; but 

 now it is supposed to be of great benefit. The virus for inoculation is 

 taken from the lungs at a certain stage of the disease, and is put into the 

 tail or other parts of the animal, which brings on a febrile stage. But 

 pleuro-pneumonia is not produced only in exceptional cases ; but it pre- 

 vents the attack of the disease. While the animal is under the influence 

 of this it can convey the disease to other animals. I believe inoculation 

 will mitigate a great many diseases. It has been practiced in Long ' 

 Island, not by professional men, but by some owners and dairymen. 



(jrlanders is contagious, a most serious and loathesome disease. It 

 has been known for thousands of years, and has been treated with almost 

 every medicine in the pharmacopoeia, and nothing has proved a remedy, 

 and veterinarians have been abused for aot curing it. They have pointed 

 out the true character of it, and it is now rare to what it was thirty or 

 forty years ago. It was common in Canada, when the country was being 

 cleared up, but it is now rare ; it is still seen in some of the back town- 

 ships. This disease consists in a discharge from one or both nostrils, 

 which discharge will produce it in another horse and in man. It pro- 

 duces tumefaction of the schneiderian membrane. Jt is found generally 

 in the horse, and in man, but is said to be communicable to sheep, dogs, 

 cats, and even to cattle, but there is doubt about this. It is a specific dis- 

 ease of a contagious character, due to the introduction of a poison into 

 the blood. It is contagious and infectious. These two terms are used 

 for the same thing, but do mean just the same. It is most severe in 

 countries where horses are kept in a highly artificial manner, while in 

 countries where they are allowed to run out during most of the year, it is 

 not so common. It was not known in Mexico until the war with the 

 United States. It is said it does not exist in Australia, and is seldom 

 seen in India except in imported horses, as their horses run out the 

 most of the year. It is supposed it got into India by shipping horses ; 

 during their passage the hatches being shut down during a storm. 

 With glanders we also have farcy. They are, I believe, essentially the 

 same disease, only differing in their manifestations. I never saw a case 

 of farcy get well, but many say it does get well. Farcy will produce 

 glanders, and glanders farcy, by taking the virus from one or the 

 other. So both diseases are due to a blood poison essentially the same, 

 but they differ in external manifestations. It is said to ocsur in other 

 animals ; but it is seldom met in any except the horse. 



Causes. — Some say it is, and some say it is never, spontaneously 

 generated. We have germs which we cannot account for, but we have 

 striking examples of it being spontaneously produced. It is supposed 

 to have been produced on shipboard during a storm, by shutting down 

 the hatches, but there may have been an infected horse among them, 

 the veterinarians were very careful in examining. It prevailed during 

 the American war and the Prussian war. The horses supposed to be free 

 from all such diseases. It can mostly be traced to contagious influences, 

 it is likely to occur most severely in large cities, where many horses are 

 kept together, for if one horse gets it, it pollutes the air, and it spreads 

 rapidly. It occurs in two forms, acute and chronic. If developed in 

 the acute form it runs its course very quickly ; but it is gene rally seen in 



