DISEASES OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS. 75 



the chronic form ; seldom met with in the acute form. It is generally 

 seen in old and debilitated animals. When such become exposed they 

 take it more readily than young, healthy animals. Kecent investigations 

 have gone to show that this disease is due to the introduction into the 

 system of a specific germ the bacillus malleolus. 



Symptoms. — After it arrives at a certain stage it is easily diagnosed, 

 but until then it is not. It may continue for a long time without show- 

 ing any constitutional disturbance, and it may be mistaken for other 

 diseases. Some are liable to think that it is nasal gleet, unless the 

 animal soon dies. Just in the early stage of the disease the animal 

 suffers from rigours, more or less. Temperature is increased to lOS*^, 

 104^ or 105° ; then it will go for some time, and then there is a discharge 

 from the nose, which varies much, according to the disease ; at first 

 watery, and then purulent, coming more freely in some cases than others. 

 It may be from one or both nostrils— usually from one, and that the 

 left. By and by there is a cough, which may continue ; the discharge 

 altered to some extent ; the most noticeable peculi-arity of the discharge 

 is that it is of a viscid or sticky character ; it sticks around the nostril 

 and has a tendency to stick the nostrils together ; for after the disease 

 has been developed for some time, and is high up and affects the bone, 

 there may be f jetor, but not so fetid as in nasal gleet. But if you have 

 this discharge of a greenish-yellow colour, extremely viscid and sticky, 

 and which adheres around the nostril ; contains a large amount of 

 albumen : will sink readily in water — but this may occur from other 

 causes — it is sympathetic of glanders. The character of the discharge 

 will vary, and it may be tinged with blood, and if so, it is symptomatic 

 of an acute attack. The eye will sjanpathize with the disease, giving 

 rise to a sort of purulent discharge about the inner canthus, and pro- 

 fuse, and it may not be present at all. But when you notice these, it 

 is a significant symptom of glanders. But you will now see changes 

 taking place in the mucous membrane of the nose. There will appear 

 little elevations, tubercular deposits, which will change to cancerous 

 ulcers, which may be irregular in shape, showing a sort of worm- 

 eaten appearance, and these ulcers have no tendency to cicatrize or 

 heal, although they may heal to a certain extent, but there remains a 

 kind of white scar. These ulcerations may appear and run into each 

 other, and the chamber becomes one ulcerated mass, and may completely 

 eat through and destroy the septum nasi. I believe these ulcerations 

 generally form well up, and may exist high up in the nasal chambers be- 

 fore they appear in the visible mucous membrane. There is another well 

 marked sign by which you know glanders. It is the enlargement of the 

 submaxillary lymphatic glands. They do not suppurate, but become in- 

 durated and adhere to the bone. This condition often makes its appear- 

 ance just about the same time that the discharge from the nose takes 

 place, and generally before you see the ulceration of the mucous mem- 

 brane. There may be some difficulty in breathing, for I believe there 

 are more or less changes in the lungs on account of tubercular deposits 

 in the lungs. The animal falls off in condition, becomes emaciated, 

 hide-bouud ; the skin seems to be attached to the flesh ; gradually 

 pines away, and dies a lingering death. If in the chronic form until 

 these characteristic symptoms — ulceration of the mucous mem- 

 brane, greenish-yellow discharge, indurated condition of the glands — 

 are well developed, you may experience difficulty in coming to a 

 correct conclusion. As well as tubercular deposits in the lungs, 

 you may have them in the mesenteric glands. When emaciation is 



