76 CAUSES, SYMPTOMS AND TREAT5IENT OP 



rapid, it may be a long time before these characteristic symptoms are 

 developed. This was noticed in a certain stall in France, where glanders 

 made its appearance. Close examination was made ; those affected 

 removed, and after some time more were affected, and removed, etc., and 

 it was found to exist in some that had showed no visible signs. It was, 

 perhaps, due to tubercular deposits in the lungs that gave it to others. 

 There are certain diseases that might be mistaken for glanders. In nasal 

 gleet there is a discharge from one or both nostrils, but it is not as sticky ; 

 there are no cancerous ulcers ; the submaxillary lymphatic glands do not 

 adhere to the bone, as in glanders. 



Pathology or post mortem. — You find tubercular deposits in the lungs 

 and respiratory tract in most cases. The glands become enlarged, and 

 the afferent and efferent vessels also become enlarged, forming a sort of 

 pedicle which attaches them to the subjacent tissue. The glands become 

 more indurated and the cavities become filled up with a sort of pulpy 

 deposition. There are generally tubercular deposits before ulceration 

 takes place. Contagium is usually present in a fixed form, and is 

 most virulent in the usual discharge, but it is contained in the blood 

 of a diseased animal, and this blood will produce it in a healthy animal 

 if put in the flesh. The covering of the muscles will produce it, the 

 saliva, bile, and urine have produced it, and it is quite possible that 

 it may be contained in all parts of the body. Its power varies, but 

 is greatest in virulent cases, and some animals will withstand its 

 effects. Some cases are related where it was brought on by glanderous 

 tubercle from the lungs, where no other symptoms were noticed. 

 Some authors think it is hereditary. We have a case mentioned where 

 a glandered mare gave birth to a colt which died with glanders at 

 about four and a half years old, without having been exposed to 

 glanders. It is possible that a glandered mare might produce a colt that 

 was free from glanders. The virus is not diminished in passing through 

 many animals ; but is increased in potency if taken from the human 

 being. The virus will retain its vitality for some time, which shows the 

 necessity of thoroughly cleansing infected apartments by the use of boil- 

 ing water, carbolic acid, etc. The virus may be dried in the air and kept 

 for a great while, and if rendered fluid by water, is capable of producing 

 glanders, so that a stable just swept out and left for months still contains 

 the virus. 



Treatment. — I will allude to it ; giving plenty pure air, good 

 food, etc., will cause the symptoms to disappear to some extent, 

 but it is best to destroy the animal in all cases. You may keep a 

 healthy animal near an infected one for some time, and the former 

 not get the disease unless there was contact in some way, but if a 

 number are diseased in the same stable, the air becomes contamin- 

 ated, and it might produce it. If you are called into a stable where 

 three or four horses are supposed to be affected with nasal gleet, 

 one or two affected in the first place and then others get it, then be care- 

 ful in your examination. Nasal glett is never of a contagious character. 

 If you have a suspicion of glanders, keep such an animal isolated, and 

 have recourse to debilitating treatment, as a purgative, or take some of 

 the discharge from the nose and put into some part of the body, as the 

 hind leg of the same animal, or better, if you can get a worthless 

 animal, inoculate it, and if it affects him then you make up your mind 

 that it is glanders. 



Acute Glanders. — This is not qnite so common here as it is in some 

 other countries. This form may result from the chronic form, gener- 

 ally due to the virus being introduced into the system in some way or 



