DISEASES OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS. 113 



manner. This is better marked in trotting than in walking, but if he is 

 warmed up it will disappear to some extent. The limb is flexed when 

 standing, but not pointed, as in foot lameness — perhaps parallel with or 

 just behind the other foot. You may, in some cases, be able to detect 

 swelling, especially in the flexor brachii, and manipulation may assist 

 you. If you extend the limb the horse will rear up, or if you pull it 

 back, and then trot off, the lameness will be increased. Negative symp- 

 toms are useful. Look at the other parts of the limb. The best time to 

 examine is after a hard ride or drive of four or five miles, and then stand 

 in the stable until cooled and bring out and examine. There is a tend- 

 ency to strike the toe in turning, and you are liable to think he is lame 

 in the shoulder, when he is not. 



Treatment. — It makes little difference, so far as treatment is concerned, 

 whether it is in the flexor brachii or in the articulation ; but it helps you 

 in your prognosis if you know which it is. In one it is curable ; in the 

 other it is not. Give rest; stand in a box. Some recommend a high- 

 heeled shoe in severe cases ; I usually prefer taking the shoe off. If 

 severe, and the limb can scarcely be moved, if there is great difficulty in 

 getting up when down, it is good practice to place in slings ; foment, use 

 anodyne liniment, or a newly flayed sheep skin, etc., followed by a blister, 

 and invest a considerable surface. Apply around the articulation, and 

 allow it to extend down the limb. Cantharides is as good as anything. 

 Seatons are sometimes useful. Put in about three. Do not turn on 

 pasture, but give rest and quiet. Another way of detecting lameness is 

 putting a piece of wood for the animal to step over. If anchylosis takes 

 place, it is best to destroy the animal, unless it is a brood mare or 

 stallion. 



Collar-trails are easily recognized, and if treated in time are easily 

 got rid of. Eemove the cause ; bathe with warm or cold water ; use the 

 white lotion, etc. ; irritating dressing should not be used. Sometimes the 

 result is a sit-fast, which you must dissect out, then stimulate gently. 

 A great deal may be done to prevent collar galls, by having the collar 

 fitted nicely, and exposing it to the sun or fire, to dry up the sweat. 

 There are swellings between the forelegs, which may be produced in vari- 

 ous ways, and may be of a formidable character, the result of irritation 

 from niartingal or breast strap, or injury direct or indirect, or they may 

 be of a constitutional character. In hydrothorax, disease of the kidneys, 

 liver, etc., you will find these swellings. If they are from injury, remove 

 the cause ; apply hot or cold ; if matter is present, open it up ; or, there 

 may be extensive irritation inside the legs, which, in some cases, is diffi- 

 cult to treat. It is best treated by constitutional treatment. It may 

 result from the horse being slightly out of condition. Give purgatives, 

 tonics, diuretics, etc., and use the white lotion. I have found benefit 

 from dusting the parts with charcoal. Keep quiet, for the folds of the 

 skin rub upon each other and keep up the irritation, especially in the 

 fall of the year. 



Pectoral Rearion. — Injuries here occur in different ways, and some- 

 times do exceedingly well if the sternum and large vessels are uninjured ; 

 a punctured wound being the most dangerous. Endeavour to find what 

 caused the trouble, and it will assist you in determining whether there 

 are any pieces in the wound or not. 



Elbow Joint. — Is formed by the radius and ulna and humerus, and 

 there is considerable motion in it. It is occasionally diseased ; sometimes 

 there is an abscess of a serious character, or fracture of the ulna, 

 exostosis, anchylosis, etc. ; or, there may be inflammation of the joint 

 or synovical membrane. It may result from the animal slipping and 



