DISEASES OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS. 171 



two drachms, or some flour gruel. If the milk is either too nutritious, or 

 the opposite, change the food of the mother, and in this way act upon 

 the milk. 



Inflainmation of the true digestive stomach may be produced from 

 various causes ; anything that will cause impaction of the third stomach 

 will produce this - roots, corn, grasses, tares, fitches, etc. SjTnptoms are 

 somewhat similar to fardel bound. There is diarrhoea, followed by con- 

 stipation ; the respirations increased ; the muzzle dry and hot, or hot and 

 cold, and legs in the same condition. 



Treatment.— Give a moderate laxative, and carefully use sedatives, and 

 attend to regulating diet ; and you are apt to mistake fardel bound for 

 inflammation of the true digestive stomach. 



Diarrhoea in Cattle is due to a slight congested state of the alimentary 

 canal, from an irregular supply of water, impure water, etc. It is apt to 

 terminate in dysentery, which is more common in cattle than in horses. 

 There are liquid evacuations, tinged with blood, and sometimes mixed 

 with shreds of mucous membrane. Endeavour to find the cause ; give a 

 slight laxative, and follow by astringents, if necessary ; treat the same as 

 in the horse, but do not at once give astringents in diarrhcea. It is some- 

 times a prominent symptom in tubercular disease. 



Enteritis in cattle is not so common as in horses. There is more or 

 less abdominal pain ; pulse quick ; grating of the teeth ; suspension of 

 rumination, etc. It does not prove fatal so quickly as in horses, and 

 cattle do not show such violent symptoms as horses. It is treated in much 

 the same way as in the horse. Be careful in giving pui-gatives ; give 

 hypodermic injections, opium or laudanum ; support the animal, and use 

 counter-irritation, which must be stronger in cattle than in horses, be- 

 cause the skin is thicker ; there is also twisting of the bowels, but it is 

 not so common, and does not destroy the animal so quickly as it does the 

 horse, but it is likely to prove fatal. 



Constipation. is not so common in cattle as in horses, and is most 

 likely to occur in well-fed cattle. Feeding well upon turnips, corn, etc., 

 and also mill sw^eepings, may produce it. Cattle are more liable to dis- 

 ease of the large intestines, and horses to disease of the small intestines. 

 It is possible for a portion of ingesta to remain in the stomach of a cow 

 for a long time. A case is recorded where a cow was fed fitches and then 

 removed to where she could get no such food for six weeks, and a post 

 mortem revealed fitches with the ingesta. And when you make a post 

 mortem and find the third stomach impacted, do not make up your mind 

 in all cases that the animal died from impaction. 



DISEASES OF THE LIVER. 



Disea'^e of the Liver is not very common in the horse, yet we occa- 

 sionally meet with a well-marked case, and in post mortems we find 

 lesions in connection with the liver that were not detected through life. 

 There are many reasons why the horse is not liable. One is, that the 

 horse has no gall bladder — but I do not think that this has anything to 

 do with it, but I think that the simplicity of their living has. Liver dis- 

 ease is the result of eating, and climate tends to exert an influence, for it 

 is more common in hot countries. 



Congestion of the Liver may and does occasionally occur, and it is 

 more likely to occur in a horse fed on a stimulating diet and getting but 

 little exercise. But it may exist with other causes — as disease of the 



