DISEASES OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS. 179 



Symptoms. — The principal one is the great amount of urine voided, 

 which is clear and watery ; this sometimes occurs to a slight extent, 

 and we can scarcely give it the name of a disease. It is sometimes 

 just what we desire. If there is irritation of the respiratory organs, 

 we give medicine to act upon the kidneys, and it is not then called 

 a disease. The cause that generally gives rise to it is some error in 

 feeding, and so it is classed as a diatetic disease ; inferior food, as 

 musty hay, oats, beans, peas, etc , are causes. It is also a sequel 

 to some dibilitating disease, the result of some change of tissue in 

 the system. It is sometimes the result of strangles and influenza, 

 and is not a bad symptom unless it continues for more than two or 

 three days. It is said to be a premonitory symptom of glanders, and 

 that it is quite possible from the change of tissues. It is also said to be 

 produced by drinking impure water, and the continued use of diuretics. 



The Symptoms are essential and incidental. The essential are intense 

 thirst - it seems that you cannot satisfy the thirst — a case is recorded 

 in which a hor^e drank thirty-eight gallons of water in five hours. The 

 horse is dull ; the appetite impaired, but not entirely gone ; a copious 

 secretion of clear urine, of light gravity The incidental symptoms are 

 such as are common to indigestion — a diy, dusty coat ; hidebound (hide- 

 bound is not a disease, but symptomatic of disease) ; the circulation is 

 not affected, but exercise affects it more or less ; after a while the pulse be- 

 comes intermittent, and death may take place from antemia, or it may 

 terminate in some other disease. 



Treatment —Inquire as to the kind of food, and change it, and if in 

 the summer, give green food. If this cannot be done give a certain 

 amount of cooked food. I use Dick's remedy : One drachm of iodine 

 each day for four or five days, and change the food It acts like a charm. 

 Where there is great thirst, give plenty of good, pure water— give it fre- 

 quently and in all quantities. If these fail, give mineral and vegetable 

 tonics, powdered opium, carbonate of soda, the tincture of iron, etc ; or, 

 sulphate of iron, one drachm •, arsenious acid, two or three grains ; mix 

 and give once a day ; or you may increase it to two doses a day ; or try 

 the tincture of the chloride of iron. Williams noticed that when iodine 

 was given for glanders, there was not any great desire for water — hence 

 the use of iodine If it occurs as a sequel of some debilitating disease, 

 the treatment is similar. 



Iscliiiria. — We use this term for both suppression and retention of 

 urine. True ischuria is where it is secreted and retained ; false, is where 

 it is not secreted. It is, no doubt, symptomatic of nephritis, or anything 

 that will interfere with the secretion of urine. Suppression may pro- 

 ceed from functional inactivity of the kidneys ; from fevers of any descrip- 

 tion, which interferes with the secretions of the kidneys. When it is just 

 functional inactivity, give those remedies which act directly upon the 

 kidneys — give one or two ounces of nitre, in water ; or a diuretic ball of 

 resin — nitre and soft soap. True ischuria sometimes appears where the 

 urine is secreted and retained in the bladder, and the bladfier may become 

 gieatly distended and give rise to well-marked symptoms in many cases ; 

 and it is serious, as it may lead to paralysis, and even rupture, of the 

 bladder. It may be due to spasms of the neck of the bladder ; or to cal- 

 culi ; or in old animals, to enlargement of the prostrate gland. 



Symptoms. — The animal attempts to urinate ; stamps with the feet ; 

 turns the head to the side ; lies down and gets up, etc., and almost groans 

 with pain when attempting to urinate. If it is a horse the penis, in some 

 cases, hangs pendulous. Sometimes a horse shows a difficulty in urin- 



