202 CAUSEH, SYMPTOMS AN1> TREATMENT OF 



ration and a scirrhous condition are produced, which destroy the secre- 

 tion of the milk. 



Causes. — Irregular milking is a common cause, which irritates the 

 glands and causes inflammation. It is also produced by changes of 

 temperature, exposure to colds, etc., and sometimes results from par- 

 turient apoplexy, due to the manner in which she lies, pressing upon 

 the udder, etc., or it is due to the sudden changes in temperature, as the 

 hot days and cool nights of September ; standing in wet, dirty stables ; 

 exposure to wet, etc. Inflammation of the glandular substance may 

 terminate in resolution, but it is likely to terminate in resolution, but 

 it is likely to terminate in ulceration and destruction of the gland ; 

 but if it is circumscribed and is opened in time, it may impair it but 

 little. A common termination is fibrous degeneration or scirrhous 

 condition. 



Treatiuent. — If in the early stage, give two or three ounces of 

 nitrous ether, with one to one and a half ounces of nitrate of potash, 

 followed by aconite. Use warm fomentations and keep them up 

 for some time, then dry well and use the camphorated liniment ; 

 or you may put a bandage to the parts, having holes for the teats ; 

 pad it with wool, cotton, etc., and pour in warm water. A hot 

 poultice is an old and very good remedy, but in cold weather poul- 

 tices, etc., are not best, but apply liniments, and wool, tow, etc., 

 warmed at the stove and applied to keep heat in the parts, should 

 be used. Some use cold water, but I think warm is preferable — 

 better to relieve pain— and if the pain is very great, use anodynes, 

 as belladonna, laudanum, arnica, etc. If it has terminated in sup- 

 puration it is best to let it out through the teat by means of an 

 ordinary concealed bistoiiri, by pushing it up the teat. But if it is 

 circumscribed and points, open at the prominent part. Sometimes a 

 part becomes scirrhous or gangrenous, and it may be necessary to 

 remove a part of it. Have the animal well kept ; give tonics if the 

 animal is weak. It is necessary to milk the cow occasionally, which 

 adds to the irritation, but you may overcome this by means of a teat 

 siphon, allowing the milk to drain off. If there is a slight induration, 

 without much change, then use iodine ointment, and possibly iodide 

 of potassium internally. 



AZOTURIA, ETC. 



Azoturia, Partial Paralysis, is a dietetic disease, a hypernitro- 

 genous condition of the blood, and of the system generally. There 

 is partial or complete loss of power of the hind limbs, although the 

 nerves are not altogether affected ; but it is due to spasms of 

 the muscles of the loins and the tissues in connection, and affects 

 the kidneys more or less. It was called hysteria, and was supposed 

 to be peculiar to mares only. Another term is enzootic htematuria ; 

 another is hajmogloburia. It attacks a horse that has been working, 

 then stood in the stable and fed well upon nutritive food, which pro- 

 duces a large amount of albumen in the blood in particular, and in 

 the system in general ; and then the horse is taken out and exercised. 

 The result is an increased oxidation of the albumen, and it is changed 

 into various compounds, causing an excess of urea and hippuric acid, 

 producing spasms and contractions, especially of the large muscles 

 and tissues of the loins, producing loss of motor power. And when it 

 attacks the psoas muscles it is more severe than when it attacks the 



