206 DISEASES OP DOMESTIC ANIMALS. 



Another is to cut into the abdomen. The way it is now performed is to 

 pass the hand into the vagina, dilating it carefully (but it cannot be per- 

 formed until the animal is from six to twelve months old), make your 

 incision through the walls of the vagina about one and a half or two 

 inches from the os-uteri, get the fingers through and get hold of the 

 ligament of the ovaries and pull them down and remove them. The 

 ecraseur is, perhaps, the best mode of removing them. First examine 

 a dead animal and operate for experiment. The ovaries were removed 

 from a mare by one of our students, and she lived for several days, and 

 was getting along nicely, when she was taken to the dissecting room. 



Perpetual Bulling is due to an abnormal condition of the ovaries, 

 and, in well-bred cattle, to tubercular disturbance. The best treatment, 

 perhaps, is ovariotomy. It sometimes occurs in the mare. A good seda- 

 tive, in some cases, may allay the irritation. 



The Clitoris may be enlarged or lacerated, due to irritation of some 

 kind or other. Use local and constitutional remedies ; touch with nitrate 

 of silver, carbolic acid, etc. If there is an enlargement remove it. 



Melanotic Tumours may be present, especially in a white mare 

 They are a kind of black tumour, and may be in other parts also. 



