THE NEW EARTH 



manding position. These little machines that 

 take the milk fresh from the cow, whirl it about 

 with great rapidity, separate the milk from the 

 cream, and send the former foaming out through 

 one spout, — the cream, at the same moment, 

 escaping through another spout, — have exerted 

 an immense economic influence. It would be 

 idle to attempt an estimate of the millions 

 of dollars that have been saved, in time, labor 

 and actual expenditure of money. Not only 

 this, but the saving in material has been great. 

 In an average herd of well-kept, well-bred 

 cattle, the milk will probably average four per 

 cent of fat ; that is, there will be four per cent 

 directly convertible into butter. Under the 

 old method of setting the milk in shallow pans 

 for the cream to rise, not all of the cream was 

 obtained, fully one-half of one per cent remain- 

 ing in the milk, so that one-eighth of all the 

 butter-fat was lost for butter manufacture. 

 Under the new method, a first-class separator 

 should not leave more than one-tenth of one 

 per cent of the cream in the milk, perhaps not 

 so much as that. The importance of the inven- 

 tion is still more clearly shown in view of the 

 fact that, under the old order of things, some 



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