Ladd estimated that at the time he made his 

 experiments North Dakota had sold 20,000,000 

 bushels of the crop of 1916. On this it had 

 lost $9,000,000 on the one account of false 

 gradings, not to mention the other items in 

 this long and dismal balance-sheet. 



It would be preposterous to suppose that 

 American farmers would continue year in 

 and year out to submit to such conditions. 



Then, again, the process of shipping the 

 wheat to be ground elsewhere was in itself 

 and always must be an injury to the state. 

 Doctor Ladd pointed out that the screenings 

 and by-products to w^hich the farmer was 

 justly entitled and of which he was outra- 

 geously deprived totaled every year some 

 bulky items. When the wheat crop of North 

 Dakota was 100,000,000 bushels there would 

 be shipped away with it these by-products: 



Screenings 119,700 tons 



Bran 381,300 " 



Shorts 454,560 " 



all of definite value, both in terms of immedi- 

 ate money and for fertilizing through stock 

 feeding. The raising of live stock was de- 

 veloping rapidly in the state and there stood 

 the most amazing fact that when a farmer 

 that was also a stock -feeder had been deprived 

 of these by-products in his own wheat, he 

 was obliged to purchase at high prices the 



87 



