No. 4.] OUR AGRICULTURAL ADVANCE. 101 



cases to have intensive and extensive farming, to buy more 

 land and farm it better ; but, as a general rule, all men in- 

 cluded, the two things are mutually exclusive. Farming 

 has been made more extensive and more intensive, but the 

 development in any one case has been in one way or the 

 other. 



Professor Sanborn. Isn't the tendency of the age to be 

 more extensive and intensive in every domain of life? 



Professor Waugh. Yes, and no. We have more exten- 

 sive agriculture in the western States, more wide-spread 

 farming ; and in other localities we find more intensive 

 farming. 



]\Ir. James Draper (of Worcester). In your judgment, 

 with the transportation facilities, do you believe there is 

 encouragement for the farmer to plant orchards in jVIassa- 

 chusetts ? 



Professor Waugh. I don't know. I should hate to con- 

 fine myself to orchards. The general development of the 

 situation has very much in favor of the fruit-growing in- 

 dustry here. Massachusetts is supplied with earl}'^ fruit 

 from the Southern States, — Maryland and Virginia, where 

 the San Jose scale is twice as bad as here. People grow 

 strawberries, ship them to New York City, reload them 

 and ship to Boston, pa}^ for refrigerator car, transporta- 

 tion rates, and sell strawberries from western New York 

 in the Massachusetts strawberry season. It seems to me 

 that that is a bad industrial situation. There must be a 

 ver}^ wide margin to do this. Massachusetts properlv leads 

 the United States in the proportion of cit}^ residents to 

 total population. It has the largest farm market. That is 

 the most important reason why there should be developed 

 here those specialties which are delicate and perishal)le, 

 while corn, etc., may be brought from the west. Straw- 

 berries, Easter lilies, etc., should be raised here on the 

 ground, in order to get much profit. 



]\Ir. Draper. I notice by statistics that the greatest rate 

 of percentage of gain of any fruit w^as the plum . The ques- 

 tion is, whether the plum of any variety can be grown and 

 handled profitably. My experience has been that it is very 



