170 BOARD OF AGRICULTURE. [Pu)). Doc. 



infant, it sliould be exactly what it pretends to he. The 

 })hysician may write a formula for a modification of milk, 

 and then it is always proper to have the milk conform to 

 that modified formula, because it may be necessary in certain 

 conditions of diseases or invalidism ; but in no other ease is it 

 proper to change the constitution of milk and sell it as milk. 



There is a very common adulteration, as 3'ou know, which, 

 unfortunately, is accomplished in this way. Almost every 

 city and Stiite has fixed a standard for milk ; and now under 

 an act of Congress the United States has fixed a standard for 

 milk, — these standards prescribe that milk shall not con- 

 tain less than a certain proportion of fat. Xow, advantage is 

 taken of that by some dealers, who take a richer milk and 

 reduce it to the standard ; and that is just as much an 

 adulteration as if no standard existed. When you fix a 

 standard for milk, it means that whole milk must at least 

 come up to this standard, — it does not mean that whole 

 milk shall be reduced to this standard, at all : and there- 

 fore any one who takes the whole milk which is above 

 standard and so manipulates it, either by extracting the fat 

 or by adding water to the milk, so as to reduce it to a legal 

 standard, is just as guilty of adulteration as if no standard 

 existed. The object of a standard is not to legalize adul- 

 teration, but to fix a limit beyond which wdiole milk shall 

 not go. 



You heard what was said yesterday about the Holstein 

 cow in the dairy. The Holstein cow gives, as you know, a 

 milk which is phenomenally low in fat, and therefore it is 

 not a suitable animal to make a whole dairy herd of; and a 

 standard prescribing a certain amount of fat would exclude 

 from standard milk a whole milk — absoluteh^ whole — if it 

 was given by a cow wdiich did not gi\e that standard of 

 milk, although the milk would not be an artificial article. 



This illustrates how a food product may be manipulated 

 upon a farm, or after it leaves the farmer's hands, in order to 

 get greater gain. Remember, that is the object of this ma- 

 nipulation, — it is not to injure your health, but to get more 

 for the product than otherwise could be got ; in other words, 

 to deceive the consumer, and defraud him of his monej'. 



