No. 4.] FOOD ADULTERATIOX. 189 



acres feel the influence of this Board, have grown more pro- 

 ductive, are managed with more skill ; and still thej are not 

 managed more than half as well as they should be. Our 

 pastures are practically neglected. We have not come to 

 the idea that our pastures should receive the same care as 

 the other portions of the farm, but it is not many years 

 before it Avill prove a necessity. Mr. Chairman, I can't go 

 into all the different phases of agriculture which I have pur- 

 sued for the last seventy years, but 1 have taken a great 

 deal of pleasure in the calling, and perhaps have tried to 

 make the old adage true, — of making two blades of grass 

 grow where but one grew before. 



]\Ir. Peiiham. We can scarcely enter a car anywhere in 

 eastern Massachusetts without seeing an advertisement read- 

 ing something in this way, perhaps : "Don't use coffee ; use 

 food coffee." Will the doctor tell us whether he has exam- 

 ined Avhat is called " Postum Food Koffee," and, if so, what 

 it consists of? 



Dr. Wiley. I never have made any examination of 

 "Postum Food Koffee," and do not know what it is made 

 of, further than it is claimed to be in part a cereal. Of 

 course if people don't want to use coffee, they needn't do 

 so, and the manufacturers have a perfect right to advise 

 them not to. I would criticise this advertisement in this 

 respect, — in the use of the word " coffee." Coffee means 

 a certain definite product. An ordinary cereal, if it bears 

 the word " coffee," is fraudulent, — has a fraudulent name. 

 It isn't coffee ; it is a substitution for coffee, maybe, but it 

 isn't cofiee. And if this product contains coffee as an in- 

 gredient, then it is again fraudulent, because it advises the 

 people not to use coffee, when they are using it under an- 

 other name. But I don't suppose it does. I suppose the 

 word " coffee '' is used there simply to indicate that this can 

 be used as a kind of beverage in place of coffee. Now, if 

 coffee means nothing but being hot and being brown, Avhy 

 that probably is both. But coftee has specific qualities ; it 

 has tannin, and caramel, and an alkaloid which is injurious 

 when used to excess ; and the oil and the aroma Avhich is 

 produced by the roasting of the coftee all combine to give 



