No. 4.] DAIRY CATTLE. 61 



owner, and not for the cow. The bruised, swollen knees, 

 the cramped, rigid position in lying, tlie very frequent in- 

 stances of injured teats and udders by l)eing trod on Ijy 

 companion cow^s, the very evident lack of that ease or com- 

 fort so necessary to a mother if she gives you her best effort 

 in the production of milk — all these are sufficient to make 

 the indictment hold. All of these things constitute the force 

 and effect of handling. 



Watering. 



How many men here before me have determined for them- 

 selves how much an ordinary cow of 1,000 pounds will drink 

 on winter feed ? It would seem as if we should know about 

 this in order to have a good judgment in the premises. 

 I find that the range is from 80 to 150 pounds a day, with, 

 say, seven of the latter to three of the former. Cows giv- 

 ing a large flow of medium quality milk will drink the most 

 water, as a rule. I have spoken of the effect of cold on 

 the secretion of milk. The same law applies to the use of 

 cold water in winter. 



If any of these men here wall consult his mother, or wife, 

 if she is a mother, they will quickly inform him of the fact 

 that when they wish to promote the flow of milk for a nurs- 

 ing child they use only warm drinks. The law that governs 

 lactation is the same with the bovine race as with the human. 

 Once let a dairyman get this principle firmly implanted in 

 his mind and he will find it invaluable as a measuring guide 

 as to what he should do. Take that alone. Do not ask for 

 technical definitions but take it in its entirety, and go on 

 with it and let it tutor every touch of the hand, and it will 

 do marvels. The mischief is that w^e have put the hand to 

 this Avonderful machine called the cow, before we sanctified 

 it with the brain, and we have made many sad mistakes. 

 The saving we will find, is not so much in lalior as in the 

 feed, or rather in making the feed more effective to our pur- 

 pose. Here again do we see the influence of environment or 

 handling on feed. 



Exercise. 

 On this question I believe the following proposition to be 

 true : As little exercise as is possible, consistent with health 



