No. 4.] DAIRY CATTLE. 73 



Mr. Nye (of Barnstable). I remember we used to use 

 whale oil when I was a boy, but I think that it cannot be 

 used on cows to advantage. The odor remains a long time, 

 and I should hesitate long before I used it on a milch cow. 



Mr. Wheeler. On this question allow me to say that 

 the New York Experiment Station recommended train oil 

 to be applied to cow^s, put on with a brush, and I tried it 

 w^ith very satisfactory results. I do not know what it is 

 exactly, but it is known in the market as train oil, and it 

 has very little, if any, odor, not enough to be perceptible 

 — not enough, certainly, to have any influence upon the 

 flavor of the butter. 



Mr. Hartshorn. I used last summer three quarts of fish 

 oil with one ounce of carbolic acid, in that proportion, with 

 excellent effect upon my cows with reference to the horn fly ; 

 but it has to be vigilantly used, for the flies get there at any 

 possible time and place. It was the first appearance of the 

 horn fly in our county last summer. 



Mr. Pratt. What is the description of the fly? 

 Mr. Hartshorn. It is very much like a half-grown 

 house fly, a very small fly. The flies will stand right on 

 their heads in the hair until they are filled with blood. They 

 get upon the shoulders and neck, and I never saw anything 

 more persistent in sucking blood out of an animal than the 

 horn fly. 



Secretary Sessions. We have them in various places in 

 the Commonwealth. 



Mr. West (of Hadley). I would like to ask Governor 

 Hoard if he would give the same ration of grain in the sum- 

 mer that he would in the winter. We have a silo. Will 

 he give us a ration for summer treatment of grain ? 



Ex^Governor Hoard. You should feed according to tem- 

 perature. In the winter time you have to feed a larger pro- 

 portion of food that produces fat, because you must maintain 

 the temperature. In the animal economy we burn food to 

 keep up bodily heat as we burn wood in the house to keep 

 up heat in the winter ; and I do not know that there is any 

 difierence in the process of combustion inside the body than 

 there is out, but we must keep up the heat ; therefore a win- 

 ter ration, as a rule, should contain a larger proportion of 



