No. 4.] DAIRY CATTLE. 85 



rents of the atmosphere. It is a little difficult to handle 

 sometimes. I have noticed a downward current, and in that 

 case you will lower the temperature too quickly. If I could 

 introduce artificial heat into a stable I could accomplish the 

 whole object of ventilation, because then by the heat I could 

 secure a current of air. I know a few gentlemen who have 

 introduced artificial heat, and they claim it is the liest plan 

 to secure perfect ventilation, but I have never tried it. I 

 have never been convinced of the practical how of it. The 

 thing to do is to arrange a plan that any common man can 

 use, which is a pretty hard thing, and that is where my study 

 comes in. Now, in the ventilation of a stable you have to 

 warm the stable to a certain degree by the heat of the ani- 

 mals' bodies. Let me say you can help yourselves immensely 

 by double boarding, hy making ensilage walls with paper, 

 and double windows, so that you can control the inlet of the 

 air. You can let it come in where you want it to come in, 

 and not come in in draughts upon the cow. Then you can 

 arrange these ventilating pipes, carrying them above, and 

 arrange your stable overhead tightly, so that the efliuvia 

 shall not go up into your barn, but go off" into the air. Thus 

 you will accomplish two things : you will carry away the 

 vitiated air from your stable, and you will also be able to 

 control, in a measure, the average temperature of the stable, 

 keeping it at about sixty to sixty-five degrees. 



Secretary Sessions. Mr. Russell has in use a plan of 

 ventilation which we ought to learn about. 



Ex-Governor Hoard. I w^ould be glad to hear from Mr. 

 Russell. 



Mr. Russell. I dislike to take a minute of the time, for 

 I am so thoroughly interested in the practical experience of 

 the other gentlemen whom I have listened to to-day ; but I 

 have given some thought and a good deal of attention to the 

 subject of ventilation, and those members of the Board who 

 were here some years ago, perhaps, will remember the dem- 

 onstration that I showed at that time. I sought the advice 

 of a gentleman who had been employed by some institution 

 in New York, and had been sent abroad solely to study the 

 subject of ventilation, and through him 1 adopted the plan 

 which I will undertake to describe. 



