No. 4.] DAIRY CATTLE. 87 



Mr. Russell. Well, that seems so in theory, but it is 

 not so in practice. I took a committee of this Board to this 

 stable, which is thirty- six by forty on the first Hoor of the 

 barn. I had at this time, I think, eighteen cattle in the 

 stable. I had it thoroughly closed and kept closed until 

 the Board came there. They said at that time that they 

 never had been in a stable that was so free from animal 

 odors. In a space of twenty-two by twenty-six I stable four 

 horses. The stable is made tight, ventilated in precisely the 

 same way, and if you will go into it I will guarantee you 

 will hardly detect the smell of ammonia there. 

 Secretary Sessions. How is the temperature? 

 Mr. Russell. The temperature of the cow stable is al- 

 ways above freezing. I should say it was about fifty. 



Ex-Governor Hoard. Well, I want to save that ammo- 

 nia. I do not want to ventilate it off". 



Mr. Russell. That is in the air. I save liquid ammonia. 

 Ex-Governor Hoard. Well, that ammoniacal exhalation 

 comes from the urine, and is thrown ofl" by evaporation, 

 isn't it? 



Mr. Russell. It is thrown off" by evaporation, but the 

 ventilators take care of it. 



Ex-Governor Hoard. I do not want them to. I want 

 to save it. 



Mr. Russell. I am afraid that what would be saved from 

 evaporation would be detrimental to the health of the animal. 

 Ex-Governor Hoard. That is right ; but I will do some- 

 thing to absorb it and take it away from the animal. That 

 is the reason why I use land plaster to sprinkle in the stable. 

 Now let me give an idea which you will clearly see. Take 

 a male horse for instance. You step into the stable in the 

 morning and shake up his bedding, and your nose will tingle 

 and your eyes water instantly with the irritating efiect that 

 comes from the exhalation. It will take the varnish off of a 

 buggy. In some barns it will take the blacking oft' of a 

 harness, and it will irritate and injure the respiratory organs 

 of our cattle or horses. It is a valuable compound, worth 

 sixteen to nineteen cents a pound, and I do not want it to 

 go ofl" in the air and enrich my neighbor. I want him to 

 get rich some other way. Therefore I take land plaster in 



