No. 4.] CATTLE COMMISSIONERS' REPORT. 



9->7 



Abnormal Sounds. 



The sounds indicating a changed or diseased condition of the 

 king depend upon the character of the change giving rise to them ; 

 and, inasmuch as several of the changes may exist in one and the 

 same lung, the sounds are oftentimes complicated in the extreme. 

 For the purposes of this paper it will be quite sufficient, however, 

 if I name the typical sounds, and describe the conditions usually 

 giving rise to them. 



The respiratory murmur may be increased or diminished in 

 pitch, or it may be entirely absent. 



On Increased Sounds. 



When the breathing sounds are louder than natural in both lungs, 

 unless the animal has been recently exercised or excited, it is due 

 to high fever, such as may accompany a great variety of ills, certain 

 cases of tuherculosis included. When the sound is increased in one 

 lung alone, or in different parts of one or both lungs, it invariably 

 indicates that there is some other part of one or both lungs that /or 

 some reasons is not receiving its proper share of air. The louder 

 noise is made because of the greater amount of ivork put upon those 

 parts of the lung ivhicJi remain sound. 



This condition will be found accompanying different diseases ; 

 and in those cases of tuberculosis in which there is a complication 

 of pneumonia (lung fever), as well as in those which have been 

 the subject of large deposits of the peculiar matters accompanying 

 certain of the cases, it is a symptom of great value. 



When there is a loud, rude, respiratory, almost tubal sound in 

 those parts of the chest in which it is not natural, it indicates that 

 there the lung, or a portion of ,it, has, for some reason^ become 

 more solid, and therefore a better conductor of sound. The coarse 

 sounds heard are brought from the large bronchial tubes at the 

 " root" of the lung, through the abnormally solid lung tissue, to 

 the ear. This condition is found in pneumonia, and in those cases 

 of tuberculosis in which there are large solid accumulations or 

 deposits. It is a symptom of value. 



On Diminished Sounds. 

 Diminution of respiratory murmur may be heard in one or both 

 lungs. When in one lung only it is a much more suspicious circum- 

 stance, so far as the probable existence of tuberculosis is concerned, 

 than if it is noticed in both to an equal degree. It can be looked 

 upon in this connection as simply indicating that, for some reason 

 or other, tuberculosis perhaps, the respiratory power of the lung is 

 interfered with. 



