134 BOARD OF AGRICULTURE. 



A Member. The simple inquiry is, the degree of protection 

 that is needed ; because, if the ordinary shelter of a barn or 

 shed is sufficient, we can cultivate them easily ; but if they 

 have got to be carried into the cellar, where we have but little 

 room, it would be a great deal of trouble. 



Mr. Manning. In Washington, I was told by Mr. Sanborn, 

 that the only protection given to his peaches was by placing 

 them under a shed. 



Mr. Clement. Mr. Wilson's peach orchard, in Jersey, is on 

 very high land ; it is my impression that there are mountains 

 on the north and west from his orchard. It is not long since 

 he had quite a large peach orchard ; there came a cold spell 

 one winter, when the ground was naked, and killed a large 

 share of the trees at the root. I presume the root will not 

 bear so many degrees of cold as the top will. They are quite 

 sure to freeze to death if the mercury runs down to ten or 

 fifteen degrees below zero, when the ground is naked. Once, 

 Mr. Wilson mulched his trees, partly for the purpose of prevent- 

 ing freezing, and partly to save cultivation. Peach trees should 

 be always on high ground — always. It is no sort of use to plant 

 them in a valley. 



PLOUGHING. 



The question of Ploughing was then taken up, Mr. J. M. 

 Smith, of Sunderland, occupying the chair. The Chairman 

 opened the discussion as follows : — 



The subject of ploughing is an important branch of farming, 

 and there has been, during my day, a diversity of opinion in 

 regard to it. There are advocates of very deep ploughing, and 

 deep ploughing, and others who advocate shallow ploughing, 

 and there are also advocates of subsoil ploughing. It seems to 

 me that there is room and opportunity for discussion and argu- 

 ment on either side. I have been inclined to the opinion that 

 the advocacy of deep ploughing may have been carried too far 

 by some individuals. It has been my experience, that unless 

 heavy land, clayey land, is thoroughly drained, it is of no use 

 to plough deep ; but on land which is dryer and in a high 

 state of cultivation, deep ploughing may be beneficial. I have, 

 in my own short experience, come to the conclusion that I have 



