DEEP AND SHALLOW PLOUGHING. 143 



I put that pair of horses on the ploughs alternately, and tested 

 the ease of draft and the best turned furrow. I found my team 

 would go twenty per cent, easier with the convex mould-board 

 on the Morse plough than with either of the others, and turn 

 just such a farrow as I wanted — wide enough at the bottom to 

 enable any horse or ox to walk easily and freely. Down our 

 way, we have an abundance of sea-weed, and we sometimes 

 enrich our land by filling the whole furrow full. As the team 

 goes along, two or three men can follow it and put in sea-weed 

 enough to fill it full, and turn the next furrow on to it. I have 

 seen land enriched in that way, so that it would bear any 

 amount of crop that you had a mind to ask it to bear. Down 

 in Fairhaven, I have seen very stony land reclaimed, with sea- 

 weed. Therefore, we want a plough that will give a wide berth 

 for the horse to travel in, in order to fill up with sea-weed. I 

 would plough those lands about six inches deep usually. 

 I would plough in the fall for root crops, and turn in the 

 manure three or four inches in tlie spring. I should rather 

 have it three than four — either with a cultivator or with a 

 horse-hoe. Then, when you run your seed-sower, you have a 

 well pulverized soil, and you have the manure in immediate 

 contact with the seed, to give it a vigorous start, and your seed 

 has an opportunity to come along in time to enable you to thin 

 the plants and weed, before the weeds become so strong as to 

 interfere with them. 



M. F. Watkins, of Hinsdale. I would inquire if the depth 

 the furrow should not vary according to the soil ? 



Mr. Ward. I believe I stated that in deep, heavy soil I 

 would plough deeper than in light soil. It depends altogether, 

 I think, or very much, on the nature of the soil whether your 

 ploughing ought to be deep or shallow, or whether you should 

 plough in the fall or spring. 



A. P. Slade, of Somerset. I feel interested in this subject, 

 because I lost a crop of corn last year in consequence of making 

 a mistake about ploughing. I will simply tell how it was done. 

 I manured a piece of stubble ground very liberally, thinking I 

 would produce a piece of corn that should be entitled to a pre- 

 mium, without letting any one know about it until I had raised 

 it. I applied any quantity of the best manure. The land was 

 ploughed in the fall. • 1 sent my man to plough in the manure, 



