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645. Nashville Warbler. FR. LA FATJVETTE DE NASHVILLE. Vermivara rub- 

 ricapilla. L, 4-77. A yellow and green Warbler with a greyish head and a more or less 

 concealed chestnut crown patch. Sex, season, and age plumages varying only in intensity 

 of yellow and the amount of chestnut in cap. In females the cap may be entirely con- 

 cealed by the grey edgings of the feathers and occasionally it may be altogether absent. 



Distinctions. The unmarked green above and yellow all below to tail, but brightest 

 on throat and breast; and the grey or greyish head and cheeks are distinctive. This 

 greyish head and hindneck may not be marked but is always present as a slight differen- 

 tiation from the green back. When present the chestnut crown (not orange-rufous as in 

 the Orange-crowned Warbler) is an unmistakable specific character. 



Field Marks. Bright yellow, unstreaked underparts and grey head and cheeks. 



Nesting. On the ground in partial clearings or tree-grown pastures in nest of grasses 

 and moss lined with finer grasses and fine rootlets. 



Distribution. Eastern North America. In Canada north to beyond the settlements. 

 The Eastern Nashville Warbler extends west to near the mountains. 



SUBSPECIES. The Nashville Warbler is divided into the Eastern Nashville, the 

 type form, V. r. rubricapilla, and an extreme western one, the Calaveras Warbler. 



This Warbler is most likely to be found in open shrubbery and the 

 small growth that lines country roads. 



646. Orange-crowned Warbler. FR. LA FAUVETTE A. COURONNE ORANGEE. Ver- 

 mivora celata. L, 5. A dull yellowish, grey-green Warbler, mostly yellow below, with a 

 concealed orange-rufous crown patch. Very little sexual difference. Immatures are 

 without the crown spot, and the brightness of the yellow below is reduced to almost the 

 colour of the back. 



Distinctions. Similar to the Nashville but without the grey or greyish on the head. 

 The crown spot when present is still more concealed than that of the Nashville and often 

 entirely hidden until the feathers are separated to show then- coloured bases. The yellow 

 throat is duller than in the Nashville. The juvenile bird is an almost evenly greyish 

 green bird with faint suggestions of ashy and rather similar to the immature Tennessee 

 but without the faint light eyebrow line; it is more evenly coloured, and without any 

 suggestion of white below. 



Field Marks. Like a very dull-coloured Nashville Warbler or a juvenileTennessee 

 without the faint eyebrow line. 



Nesting. On or near the ground in nest of leaves and fine grasses. 



Distribution. Central and western America. The Interior Orange-crown breeds 

 from Alaska to Manitoba and is only a migrant through eastern Canada. 



SUBSPECIES. The species is divided into three subspecies. The Interior Orange- 

 crown V. c. celata, the type form, ranges west to the mountains. 



One of the rarest of the regular Eastern Canadian Warblers. Eyesight 

 alone is hardly reliable for records in eastern Canada. 



647. Tennessee Warbler. FR. LA FATJVETTE DU TENNESSEE. Vermivora pere- 

 grina. L, 5. Back of male green, underparts nearly pure white. Head and hindneck 

 ash-grey, suffusing on cheeks. White eyebrow line and suggestion of dark line through 

 eye. Females and juveniles have the grey head and hindneck replaced by the green of 

 the back which suffuses more or less as dull yellow or greenish yellow over breast and 

 underparts. The eyebrow line is always visible as a lighter coloration of the green. 



Distinctions. The general green and white coloration and light eyebrow line are the 

 best distinctions in any plumage. 



Field Marks. General coloration as above, with light eyebrow line and without 

 wing-bars, tail patches, or the whitish spot at base of primaries of the Black-throated Blue 

 Warbler. 



Nesting. In moss on the ground in small, dense, coniferous growth in nest of fine 

 grass, rootlets, and long hairs. 



Distribution. Eastern America, probably to the northern tree limits. Usually a 

 rare migrant through our settled sections but locally common. 



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