210 



Nesting. Generally in spruce trees, about 6 feet above the ground in nest of twigs, 

 mosses, rootlets, etc., lined with fine grasses and tendrils. 



Distribution. Nearly similar to that of the preceding species. 



The Black-poll Warbler is one of the latest Warblers to arrive in the 

 spring, usually after most of the other migrant hordes have gone north. 



662. Blackburnian Warbler. FR. LA FAUVETTE DE BLACKBURN. Dendroica fusca. 

 L, 5 25. Plate XLII A. The black upperparts and flaming orange throat are distinctive 

 in the case of the adult male. In the female the orange colour of the throat though faint is 

 easily recognizable. The young in the autumn are like the adult female although the 

 young females are duller in colour, the throat and breast retaining only a faint yellow 

 colouring. 



Distinctions. Adult and autumn males are unmistakable. Autumn females may be 

 confused with autumn Black-polls and Bay-breasts but the clearer yellow on the throat, 

 the absence of a greenish tinge below, and the dark ear-coverts with conspicuous buff 

 eyebrow line are diagnostic characters. 



Field Marks. The bright orange or warm yellow confined to throat and breast and 

 orange-yellow or buff eyebrow stripe, in contrast with the dark cheeks and crown, make 

 the best field marks. 



Nesting. In coniferous trees, 10 to 14 feet or more above the ground in nest of fine 

 twigs and grasses lined with grasses and tendrils. 



Distribution. Eastern North America west to the prairie provinces; breeding mostly 

 north of dense settlement. 



The male Blackburnian has the bright plumage commonly associated 

 with the tropics rather than with colder climates. The species associates 

 with many other Warblers in the tree tops of the open woods or orchard. 



667. Black- throated Green Warbler. FR. LA FAUVETTE 1 POITRINE NOIRE. 

 Dendroica virens. L, 5-10. Plate XLII B. 



Distinctions. A green Warbler with bright yellow cheeks and sharply contrasting 

 black throat and breast. In females and juvenile males the black is almost wanting or 

 indicated only by vague interrupted black suffusions which are stronger on the breast. 

 In young females the black is reduced to dull cloudings at the sides of the breast and flanks. 

 In all plumages the underparts are white and the back and crown clear, even green. Bright 

 yellow predominates on the cheeks. 



Field Marks. For juveniles, the green back, yellow cheeks, and white below. For 

 adults, the black throat and breast contrasting with yellow face and white below. 



Nesting. In coniferous trees, 5 to 30 feet above the ground in nest of small twigs and 

 moss lined with rootlets, fine grasses, and tendrils. 



Distribution. North America, west to the mountains. Breeding in eastern Canada 

 wherever cedar or evergreen thickets are found except in extreme southern parts. 



A striking bird, fond of scrubby evergreen when available but is also 

 found in the orchard and in hardwood tree tops. 



670. Kirtland's Warbler. FR. LA FAUVETTE DE KIRTLAND. Dendroica kirtlandi. 

 L, 5-75. Blue-grey above heavily striped with black on back, and finely striped on crown. 

 All below, except undertail, pale yellow with black stripes on sides of breast and flanks. 

 Females and juveniles similar but duller, and breast stripes broken and forming spots. 



Distinctions. Kirtland's Warbler resembles the Canada Warbler, but is larger; the 

 yellow is paler and the black stripes are on the flanks and do not simulate a necklace sus- 

 pended from the ears as in that species; and the back is marked with black instead of being 

 clear grey. The only other Warbler that might be mistaken for it is the Magnolia but 

 the black does not cross the breast as it does in adult Magnolias, and there is no yellow 

 or greenish on the back or rump. 



Field Marks. The species is too rare to be accepted on eye identification alone. 



Nesting. On the ground at foot of pine or oak trees in nest of soft bark, strips of 

 vegetable fibre, and grass lined with fine grass, pine-needles, and hair. 



