2OO 



CHAPTER XI 



with the direction of the side cap tie-bars turned through a right angle, 

 so that they pass into the housings in which they were secured by cottar pins, 

 a method changed by Watson (patent 1606 of 1871) to T-headed bolts 

 recessed into the housing, and indicated in Fig. 87. Fletcher's patent 

 (316 of 1877) shows the side-cap bolts as continuous from cap to cap, and 

 this method is most generally employed. 



The Housing and Arrangement of the Rollers. There are many designs 

 which, while retaining the isosceles triangle arrangement of the rollers, 

 depart from the horizontal side gap or Buchanan type of housing. Walker 

 (patent 1486 of 1860) cast the housing so that the rollers rested on surfaces 

 perpendicular to the line joining the centres of the top roller and of a lower 

 roller. This arrangement, which prevents any horizontal movement of the 



FIG. 95 



lower rollers, is also found in the designs of Wilson (patent 2754 of 1861), 

 of Bartlett (2656 of 1878), of Thoens (U.S. patent 615591, 1898), of Boyer 

 (U.S. 976144, 1910), and of McNeil (patent 11727 of 1912). It also appears 

 in the mill known as the Hamilton mill, shown in Fig. 88. This arrangement 

 is also the type indicated in Stewart's patent (3269 of 1871), dealing with the 

 application of hydraulic pressure to cane mills. 



A mill with the king bolts following the lines joining the centres of the 

 top and of a lower' roller was patented by Fletcher (316 of 1877), Fig. 89. 

 A somewhat similar design was patented by Buchanan and Keay (233 of 

 1884), and again many years later by Delbert (U.S. 880332, 1905). Housings 

 and roller arrangements very different from the standard pattern are illus- 

 trated in the designs of Allan (patent 18800 of 1888), Fig. 90 ; of Hatton 

 (11729 of 1889), Fig. 91 ; of Skekel (U.S. 480522, 1892), Fig, 92 ; and of 

 Alliott and Paton (11524 of 1897), Fig. 93. 



Of these mills, those of Allan and Hatton dispense with the trash turner, 

 that of Alliott and Paton reduces its width, and that of Skekel replaces it 



