CONTENTS 



CHAPTER PAGE 



1. THE PROTOZOA THE DAWN OF LIFE . . /. . i 



2. THE SPONGES . V ' . V V V 30 



3. THE CCELENTERATES OR HYDROIDS : jELLY-FlSH, 



ANEMONES AND CORALS .-i -v . *^ . ^ 39 



4. THE ECHINODERMA : STARFISHES, SEA URCHINS, AND 



HOLOTHURIANS , r 59 



5. WORMS, ROTIFERS, LEECHES, POLYZOA 73 



6. THE MOLLUSCA 92 



7. THE CRUSTACEA ... . . . . . 116 



8. SCORPIONS, SPIDERS, CENTIPEDES, AND MILLIPEDES . 126 



9. BUTTERFLIES AND MOTHS 140 



10. THE COLEOPTERA : BEETLES 153 



n. HYMENOPTERA : ANTS, BEES, AND WASPS . . . 163 



12. DIPTERA, ORTHOPTERA, HEMIPTERA, AND NEUROPTERA . 184 



13. ASCIDIANS AND LANCELETS ...... 198 



14. INTRODUCTION TO THE FISHES ..... 202 



15. THE ROUND-MOUTHED AND CARTILAGINOUS FISHES . 211 



16. THE TELEOSTOMI, OR " PERFECT-MOUTHED " FISHES . 223 



17. THE AMPHIBIA ........ 241 



18. THE REPTILES . . . . . . 248 



19. AVES : THE BIRDS . . . . . . 261 



20. THE BIRDS (continued) . . . . . 277 



21. THE BIRDS (continued) , . * . . 296 



* 



