THE EVEN-TOED UNGULATES 359 



with only one. The Camels of the New World are represented 

 by the genus Lama, and differ from their allies of the Old World 

 by their smaller size, absence of hump, and disappearance of one 

 premolar. 



Although called by a variety of names Llama, Alpaca, Huanaco 

 (sometimes written Guanaco), Vicuna Mr. Oldfield Thomas con- 

 siders that there are really only two species, namely the Huanaco 

 (Lama huanacos), of which there are two domestic breeds, the 

 Llama and Alpaca ; and (2) the Vicuna (Lama vicugna) ; both 

 species being South American in range. 



The stomach of the Camel is of interest in showing how an 

 organ may become modified to the environment of its possessor, 

 for in the walls of the paunch there are present two extensive 

 collections of " water cells," capable in the Dromedary of storing 

 a gallon and a half of water, which serve their owners^ in good 

 stead whilst traversing the desert, or residing in regions where 

 fresh water is not easily procured. The appearance of both the 

 Dromedary and the Bactrian Camel is too familiar to call for further 

 description. They are singularly disagreeable, spiteful, stubborn 

 animals, displaying little or no affection for or interest in their 

 owners. The Llamas have the same evil temper, and, in addition, 

 the abominable habit of spitting not only saliva, but part of the 

 contents of the stomach being forcibly ejected while they kick 

 and bite as viciously as their Old World relations. 



Stay-at-home sentimentalists often wax eloquent upon the 

 noble and patient " Ship of the Desert," as they are pleased to 

 term the Camel, but their misplaced admiration would receive a 

 rude awakening and would very quickly evaporate if they ever 

 had to deal with him upon his " native heath," or have to help 

 with or supervise the loading of precious camp baggage upon his 

 anything but willing back. 



The Deer tribe, known scientifically as the Cervida, are abso- 

 lutely distinguished from all other ruminant animals by the 

 existence of antlers, which are, with but few exceptions, invari- 

 ably present in the male sex. The females do not carry antlers, 

 except in the case of the Reindeer, in which, though present and 

 similar in shape, they are much smaller in size. 



" The nature, growth, and shedding of the antlers deserve 

 special consideration. In the commencement of the spring a pair 



