98 THE FORESTS OF ENGLAND. 



from the ground. The tree will be found standing at the 

 edge of the wood close to the Royal Chapel. The planting 

 of the pleasure-grounds of the wilderness (now Cumber- 

 land Lodge) belong chiefly to the period between 1695 

 and 1735. 



"In 1711 Dean Swift visited Windsor, and wrote to 

 Stella how much the Long Walk surprised him. The 

 Duchess of Marlborough was then the Ranger, and so 

 continued till her death in 1744, setting the Court at 

 defiance in a very termagant fashion. Among her 

 numerous complaints she declares she is out of pocket, 

 keeping up the lodges and paying the keepers, and ' all 

 she got was a few Welsh knuts to eat and the grazing of 

 Borne cows.' At the age of eighty-four she is still busy 

 about the park, and often ' in the vapours against knaves 

 and fools, both of which,' she says, 'I hate.' She com- 

 plains, too, that the Duke of St Albans, Constable of the 

 Castle, ' besieged her in both parks,' and broke open a 

 door at Cranborne Lodge without her leave, for which 

 offence she forbade his driving through the Park. ' I 

 have forbid it,' she writes to the Duke of Newcastle. ' He 

 urges a necessity for it on account of his supervising the 

 fortifications a term in my mind extremely odd and 

 ridiculous. If he means by it the ditch that is inside the 

 Castle, I am so far from desiring to prevent the constable 

 from doing his duty in his military capacity, and putting 

 the place in a proper condition of defence, that ' and here 

 she contemptuously promises that her keepers, or 'any 

 other engineers,' shall attend him when he pleases; but 

 she sees ' no immediate probability of an attack.' " 



The Duchess of Marlborough succeeded William, Earl 

 of Portland, in the rangership in 1702, and continued in 

 that office until her death in 1744. About the year 1740 

 H.R.H. William, Duke of Cumberland, was appointed 

 ranger. In 1766 he was succeeded by Henry Frederick, 

 Duke of Cumberland. On his death, in 1791, King George 

 III. took the rangership into his own hands, and appointed 



