76 THE [NURSERY-BOOK. 



formed late in spring. It is best adapted to plants with very 

 thick and heavy bark. The bud is tied and afterwards treated 

 in essentially the same manner as in shield- 

 budding. 



A species of flute-budding in which a ring of 

 bark is slipped down upon the tip of a shoot, 

 which has been girdled for the purpose, is 

 called whistle-budding or tubular-budding. 



Grafting. Grafting is divided in various 

 ways, but chiefly with reference to the position 

 of the union upon the plant and to the method in 

 which the scion and stock are joined. In ref- 

 erence to position, there are four general 

 classes: i. Root-grafting, in which the stock 

 is entirely a root. 2. Crown-grafting, which is 

 performed upon the crown or collar of the 



plant just at the surface of the ground, an 

 Fig, 68. Flute- l 



buddin operation which is often confounded with root- 



grafting. 3. Stem-grafting, in which the cion 

 is set on the trunk or body of the tree below the limbs, a 

 method occasionally employed with young trees. 4. Top-graft- 

 ing, or grafting in the branches of the tree. Any method of 

 inserting the cion may be employed in these classes. The best 

 classification, particularly for purposes of description, is that 

 which considers methods of making the union. Some of these 

 kinds of grafting are catalogued on page 66. For our purposes, 

 we shall need to consider only the whip, saddle, splice, veneer, 

 cleft and bark-grafting, 



WHIP-GRAFTING. Whip or tongue-grafting is employed only 

 on small stocks, usually upon those one or two years old. 

 Both the cion and stock are cut across diagonally, the cut surface 

 extending from one to two inches according to the size of the 

 part. A vertical cleft is then made in both, and the two are 

 joined by shoving the tongue of the cion into the cleft of the 

 stock. The operation can be understood by reference to Figs. 

 69, 70 and 71. Fig. 69 shows the end of a cion, cut natural 

 size. The stock is cut in the same manner, and the two are 



