170 THE MICROSCOPIST. 



blood. The serum may be effused alone, or be accompanied 

 with the red globules. 



Whenever the elements of blood appear in the urine, there 

 is ample proof of the existence of active or passive hemorrhage 

 of the kidneys, or urinary tract. 



Albuminous urine occurs in Bright' s disease, dropsy after 

 scarlatina, &c. 



Pus is met with in the urine as the result of suppuration of 

 the kidney, or of some part of the genito-urinary mucous mem- 

 brane, or of abscesses of the neighboring viscera, opening 

 into the urinary passage. 



The presence of sugar is not uncommon in dyspepsia, and 

 when excessive is diagnostic of diabetes mellitus. 



Kiestein is a whitish, greasy, opalescent pellicle, sometimes 

 found on the urine of pregnant women. 



To examine urinary deposits with the microscope, allow the 

 urine to stand; decant the supernatant fluid; pour the remain- 

 der into a watch-glass ; draw off the small quantity of fluid 

 remaining after a short repose, by means of a pipette ; and then 

 place it on the stage of the microscope. When, however, it is 

 necessary to use high powers, a drop of the sediment should be 

 placed on a glass slide and covered with thin glass. 



If it is desired to mount the object for future examination, 

 it can be covered, when dry, with a drop of Canada balsam, 

 and surmounted with the thin glass. Very transparent objects 

 should be kept in fluid, as weak spirit, water saturated with 

 creasote, or G-oadby's fluid. 



HEALTHY URINE holds in solution a variety of substances, 

 both organic and inorganic. Chemists have not yet succeeded in 

 insulating all its ingredients for examination, but the most 

 important of its solid materials are urea, uric acid, hippuric 

 acid, vesical mucus and epithelial debris, animal extractive, 

 ammoniacal salts, fixed alkaline salts, and earthy salts. 





