1:2 University of California Publications in Botany. IT OL - 3 



JOSEPH GRINNELL: Check-list of California Birds, Pacif. Coast Avi- 

 fauna No. 3 (1902). 



H. M. HALL: A Botanical Survey of San Jacinto Mountain, Univ. 

 Calif. Pub. Botany, i. 1-140 (1902). 



H. M. HALL: Some contributions to the Phytogeography of Southern 

 California, Bull. So. Calif. Acad. iii. 19-22 (1904). 



F. STEPHENS: Life Areas of California, Trans. S. Diego Acad. i. 1-8 

 (1905). 



F. V. COVILLE and D. T. MACDOUGAL: Desert Botanical Laboratory of 

 the Carnegie Institution (1903). 



J. BURTT DAVY: The Native Vegetation and Crops of the Colorado 

 Delta, Calif. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. No. 140, suppl. (1902). 



The following papers, although not dealing directly with dis- 

 tribution in Southern California, have also been helpful: 



W. L. BRAY: The Ecological Eelations of the Vegetation of Western 

 Texas, Bot. Gaz. xxxii. 99-123, 195-217, and 262-291 (1901). 



VERNON BAILEY: Biological Survey of Texas, N. A. Fauna No. 25 

 (1905). 



P. B. KENNEDY: Botanical Features around Eeno, Muhlenbergia iii. 

 17-32 (1907). 



C. V. PIPER : Flora of the State of Washington, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 

 xi. (1906). 



COMPOSITAE. SUNFLOWER FAMILY. 



Herbs, shrubs, or sometimes trees. Flowers in heads (or 

 rarely in spikes or umbels in certain non-Calif ornian genera), 

 borne on the enlarged summit of the common peduncle (re- 

 ceptacle) and surrounded by a common involucre of few to many 

 bracts. Heads usually many-flowered, yet sometimes few- 

 flowered, or even only 1-flowered. Receptacle with or without 

 bracts, these commonly paleaceous or setiform when present and 

 each subtending a flower; the receptacle said to be naked when 

 bearing only flowers within the involucre, chaffy, paleaceous, or 

 bristly when bearing bracts among the flowers. Corollas tubular 

 and 5-toothed or 5-lobed (rarely 4 or 3-merous), or the limb 

 liyulate (strap-shaped) and toothed at apex. When both kinds 

 are present, the flowers with the ligulate corollas occupy the mar- 

 gin of the head and are called ray -flowers ; the flowers with the 

 tubular corollas occupy the center and are called disk-flowers ; 



