24 University of California Publications in Botany. [VOL. 3 



TRIBE 9. SENECIONEAE. GROUNDSEL TRIBE. 



Herbs and shrubs, or a few species arborescent. Leaves 

 mostly alternate or radical (opposite in Arnica). Heads either 

 discoid or radiate. Involucre mostly of a single series of similar 

 bracts, sometimes with an outer calyculate series, rarely imbri- 

 cated in several series (e.g., Lepidospartum). Receptacle nearly 

 always naked. Anthers mostly rounded at base. Style-branches 

 of hermaphrodite flowers usually flat, the truncate tips pencil- 

 late, and the stigmatic lines (which are near the margins) not 

 meeting. Pappus of numerous fine bristles, rarely subpaleaceous. 



Pappus plumose: alpine perennial with leaves all basal 



..89. EAILLAKDELLA, p. 221. 



Pappus of slender bristles (or narrow paleae), never plumose. 



Involucral bracts in 3 or 4 series, regularly imbricated: leaves mostly 



reduced and scale-like 90. LEPIDOSPARTUM, p. 221. 



Involucral bracts in 1 or 2 series, not regularly imbricated: leaves con- 

 spicuous. 



Leaves opposite: herbs 91. ARNICA, p. 222. 



Leaves alternate (sometimes fascicled). 

 Pappus-bristles very unequal. 



Style-tips not penicillate: narrow-leaved shrub 



92. PEUCEPHYLLTJM, p. 223. 



Style-tips penicillate: broad-leaved herbs 



93. PSATHYROTES, p. 224. 



Pappus-bristles nearly equal. 



Bracts of the involucre 4 to 6, rigid, overlapping ; 



94. TETRADYMIA, p. 226. 



Bracts of the involucre more than 10, herbaceous, connivont 

 but not overlapping 95. SENECIO, p. 228. 



TRIBE 10. CYNAREAE. THISTLE TRIBE. 



Thistles or thistle-like herbs with alternate mostly prickly 

 leaves. Heads large, homogamous, the flowers all perfect, or 

 sometimes heterogamous, the marginal flowers then radiatiform 

 and commonly neutral. Bracts of the involucre imbricated, 

 usually prolonged into a spine or bristle, or provided with a 

 membranous edge. Receptacle bristly or hairy, seldom with true 

 bracts. Rays none. Corollas tubular, cleft into long narrow 

 lobes. Anthers with elongated appendage at the tip, caudate at 



